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Global Health: Science and Practice
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Global Health: Science and Practice

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Digital Health

  • Open Access
    Mobile-Based Nutrition and Child Health Monitoring to Inform Program Development: An Experience From Liberia
    Agnes Guyon, Ariella Bock, Laura Buback and Barbara Knittel
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2016, 4(4):661-670; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00189

    Monitoring behavior using mobile phones at food distribution points allowed managers to rapidly adapt project activities. Self-reported breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and use of insecticide-treated nets improved. Applying the same methodology at the household level proved unsuccessful.

  • Open Access
    Using Qualitative Methods to Validate and Contextualize Quantitative Findings: A Case Study of Research on Sexual Behavior and Gender-Based Violence Among Young Swazi Women
    Allison Ruark and Rebecca Fielding-Miller
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):373-383; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00062

    Nesting qualitative data collection methods within quantitative studies improves results by assessing validity and providing depth and context. Using data from 3 sources from Swaziland, we triangulate qualitative and quantitative findings to highlight how different methodologies produce discrepant data regarding risky sexual behaviors among young women. We found that women reported similar numbers of lifetime sex partners in all sources, but the proportion reporting multiple and concurrent partnerships was several times higher in qualitative interviews. In addition, qualitative data can provide deeper understanding of how participants, such as those experiencing gender-based violence, understood the experiences behind the quantitative statistics.

  • Open Access
    mHealth for Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence: A Framework to Guide Ethical Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation
    Michael J DiStefano and Harald Schmidt
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2016, 4(2):211-221; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00018

    Promising mHealth approaches for TB treatment adherence include:

    • Video observation

    • Patient- or device-facilitated indirect monitoring

    • Direct monitoring through embedded sensors or metabolite testing

    To mitigate ethical concerns, our framework considers accuracy of monitoring technologies, stigmatization and intrusiveness of the technologies, use of incentives, and the balance of individual and public good.

  • Open Access
    Family Planning Counseling in Your Pocket: A Mobile Job Aid for Community Health Workers in Tanzania
    Smisha Agarwal, Christine Lasway, Kelly L’Engle, Rick Homan, Erica Layer, Steve Ollis, Rebecca Braun, Lucy Silas, Anna Mwakibete and Mustafa Kudrati
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2016, 4(2):300-310; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00393

    Using mobile job aids can help CHWs deliver integrated counseling on family planning and HIV/STI screening by following a step-by-step service delivery algorithm. Lessons learned during the pilot led to the development of additional features during scale-up to exploit the other major advantages that mHealth offers including:

    • Better supervision of health workers and accountability for their performance

    • Improved communication between supervisors and workers

    • Access to real-time data and reports to support quality improvement

  • Open Access
    Enhancing the Supervision of Community Health Workers With WhatsApp Mobile Messaging: Qualitative Findings From 2 Low-Resource Settings in Kenya
    Jade Vu Henry, Niall Winters, Alice Lakati, Martin Oliver, Anne Geniets, Simon M Mbae and Hannah Wanjiru
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2016, 4(2):311-325; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00386

    CHWs used WhatsApp with their supervisors to document their work, spurring healthy competition and team building between CHWs in the 2 pilot sites. While there was considerable variation in the number of times each participant posted messages—from 1 message to 270 messages—in total they posted nearly 2,000 messages over 6 months. 88% of messages corresponded to at least 1 of 3 defined supervisory objectives of (1) creating a social environment, (2) sharing communication and information, or (3) promoting quality of services.

  • Open Access
    Introduction of Mobile Health Tools to Support Ebola Surveillance and Contact Tracing in Guinea
    Jilian A Sacks, Elizabeth Zehe, Cindil Redick, Alhoussaine Bah, Kai Cowger, Mamady Camara, Aboubacar Diallo, Abdel Nasser Iro Gigo, Ranu S Dhillon and Anne Liu
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2015, 3(4):646-659; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00207

    An informatics system consisting of a mobile health application and business intelligence software was used for collecting and analyzing Ebola contact tracing data. This system offered potential to improve data access and quality to support evidence-based decision making for the Ebola response in Guinea. Implementation challenges included software limitations, technical literacy of users, coordination among partners, government capacity for data utilization, and data privacy concerns.

  • Open Access
    Covering the Last Kilometer: Using GIS to Scale-Up Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services in Iringa and Njombe Regions, Tanzania
    Hally Mahler, Sarah Searle, Marya Plotkin, Yusuph Kulindwa, Seth Greenberg, Erick Mlanga, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli and Gissenje Lija
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2015, 3(3):503-515; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00151

    Interactive GIS maps created by overlapping facility data including roads and infrastructure with population and service delivery data permitted strategic deployment of mobile voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services to underserved rural communities. The percentage of VMMCs performed in rural areas jumped from 48% in 2011 to 93% in 2014.

  • Open Access
    Remote Sensing of Vital Signs: A Wearable, Wireless “Band-Aid” Sensor With Personalized Analytics for Improved Ebola Patient Care and Worker Safety
    Steven R Steinhubl, Mark P Marriott and Stephan W Wegerich
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2015, 3(3):516-519; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00189

    This wireless sensor technology, currently being field-tested in an Ebola Treatment Unit in Sierra Leone, monitors multiple vital signs continuously and remotely. When connected with enhanced analytics software, it can discern changes in patients’ status much more quickly and intelligently than conventional periodic monitoring, thus saving critical health care worker time and reducing exposure to pathogens.

  • Open Access
    Successful mLearning Pilot in Senegal: Delivering Family Planning Refresher Training Using Interactive Voice Response and SMS
    Abdoulaye Diedhiou, Kate E Gilroy, Carie Muntifering Cox, Luke Duncan, Djimadoum Koumtingue, Sara Pacqué-Margolis, Alfredo Fort, Dykki Settle and Rebecca Bailey
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):305-321; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00220

    Health workers’ knowledge of contraceptive side effects increased substantially. The mobile phone approach was convenient and flexible and did not disrupt routine service delivery. Clear limitations of the medium are participants can’t practice clinical skills or have interactive discussions. Also, some participants had trouble with network reception.

  • Open Access
    Biometric Fingerprint System to Enable Rapid and Accurate Identification of Beneficiaries
    Daniel Matthew L Storisteanu, Toby L Norman, Alexandra Grigore and Tristram L Norman
    Global Health: Science and Practice March 2015, 3(1):135-137; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00010

    Inability to uniquely identify clients impedes access to services and contributes to inefficiencies. Using a pocket-sized fingerprint scanner that wirelessly syncs with a health worker's smartphone, the SimPrints biometric system can link individuals' fingerprints to their health records. A pilot in Bangladesh will assess its potential.

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