TABLE 2.

Querying Health Care Providers on Power Across Mapping Domainsa

DomainThemesData Exploration Questions
Beliefs and perceptionsPerceived provider/community interaction and normalized mistreatmentHow do self-reported provider and community/client interactions reveal each perspective's attitude and exemplify relational dynamics between HCPs and clients?
In what ways may these relational dynamics be interpretable through normalized mistreatment and/or disrespect?
Societal beliefs and social normsAre there societal/community beliefs and practices that act as barriers to/interfere with provision of care?
What social norms interfere with provision of care?
Practices and participationInterprofessional collaboration and mechanismsIs there respectful interprofessional collaboration between provider cadres?
What positive collaboration mechanisms exist?
Challenging authorityCan midwives or CHWs challenge male or female colleagues and/or senior doctors?
Access to assetsOpportunities for advancement and remunerationIs there additional remuneration and/or other opportunities for career advancement?
Access to material/spatial resourcesDo providers have access to necessary resources and commodities through supply chains to effectively do their jobs?
Supervision quality and emotional supportDo varying levels of providers feel supported by the system in which they work?
What is the quality of supervision?
Structures (institutions, law, and policies)Human resource availability and capabilityAre there enough human resources and do providers have sufficient skills to carry out their work?
Policies, protections, and guidanceAre there any policies or regulatory protections in place?
How does education, or lack thereof, on the part of the provider and/or community member impact provision of care?
  • a Adapted from Betron et al.19