TABLE 1. Roles and Responsibilities of Frontline Workers in Bihar, India

Anganwadi Workers (AWWs)	Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs)
Employment Terms
Part-time female workers recruited from local communities Employed by the Integrated Child Development Services Receive fixed monthly honorarium based on educational qualifications May receive monetary incentives for specific activities Encouraging families to use immunization Encouraging families to use family planning services Attending training sessions	Part-time female workers recruited from local communities Employed by the National Rural Health Mission Non-salaried but receive monetary incentives for specific activities Promoting universal immunization Promoting institutional deliveries Referring clients to RCH & other programs Constructing household toilets
Education
Have at least 10th-grade education	Literate, preferably with at least 10th-grade education
Catchment Area
Deliver services through Anganwadi centers, serving catchment area of 1,000 population	Deliver services in same catchment area as AWWs through home visits or in AWC
Services Provided
Facilitate immunization Provide monthly food supplements to pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children Provide nutrition and health education, including information on pregnancy care and infant and child feeding practices, at AWCs and during home visits Plan and organize immunization days and VHNDs once a month with ASHAs Provide non-formal preschool education Facilitate health check-ups Provide referral services	Motivate families to use immunization Motivate pregnant women to have institutional deliveries Provide information on pregnancy, newborn, and infant care (including nutrition information) Provide other services related to communicable diseases Plan and organize immunization days and VHNDs once a month with AWWs Motivate families to use family planning

Abbreviations: AWCs, Anganwadi centers; RCH, reproductive and child health; VHNDs, Village Health and Nutrition Days.