Establish a national strategy and a collaborative team led by the ministry of health to champion it at national and subnational levels.

Provide a supportive structure for the public-private partnership in the scale-up of NICUs in private health facilities.

Implement task shifting from doctors to trained neonatal nurses who provide NICU services, together with continuous training, to improve quality of care.

Manage the rotation of staff in NICUs by developing a cadre of neonatal nurses who are allocated and dedicated to the neonate unit and establish policies that dissuade managers from rotating key staff and instead support staff retention and motivation.

Build capacity via continuous quality improvement efforts that include mentoring and supportive supervision through engagement with professional organizations and academia.

Invest in and capacitate staff on data collection and data use and conduct regular neonatal data reviews to identify gaps and propose relevant strategies.

Use electronic data dashboards or real-time data monitoring systems to facilitate the use of data for decision-making and program improvement.

Engage multidisciplinary teams, such as hospital planners, clinicians, public health experts, civil and biomedical engineers, and district planners to develop comprehensive guidance on infrastructure layout to enable family-centered care.

Invest adequately to ensure that inpatient units are allocated sufficient space in line with established guidance to support highest quality of care for very sick babies, isolated infectious babies, KMC babies, and the provision of human milk.

Advocate for continuous budget allocations to support provision of quality neonatal care, at all levels, with specific focus on district and facility levels.

Consider linking to community health insurance, which can remove barriers to accessing health services, while at the same time transform health-seeking behavior.

Ensure continuity of care by establishing equipment maintenance and replacement plans at all levels of care and standardizing required neonatal supplies for inclusion into routine supply chain requirements.

Foster sustainability by collaborating more between scientists, neonatologists, engineers, and entrepreneurs to guide local innovation, manufacturing, and biomedical support to achieve high-quality equipment at an affordable cost.

Establish mentorship opportunities for peer learning and designate a focal point person specialized in small and sick newborn care at each hospital.

Strengthen neonatal care by integrating KMC facilities, standardizing referral and follow-up protocols, and using a continuum of care approach to expand care beyond discharge to the community.

Gain and maintain the confidence of health care providers regarding the impact of family-centered care is important to implement a successful program.

Advocate to include parents through a structured capacity-building program to involve parents in bedside processes of care.