TABLE 2.

Indicators to Formulate a Surgical Health Care Investment Case

Components of an Investment CaseIndicatorsPotential Data Sources
Cost
  • All costed activities needed to deliver the proposed reform to improve surgical health care

NSOAP
Health systems
  • Percentage of population with 2-hour access to timely SOA care

  • SOA providers per 100,000 population

  • Hospital bed density

  • ICU bed density

MOH
World Bank
WHO
Primary data collection
Research studies
Impact
  • Life expectancy

  • Maternal mortality

  • Mortality of children aged younger than 5 years

  • Post-cesarean section mortality rate

  • Post-operative mortality rate

  • Percentage of population at risk of catastrophic expenditure

  • Percentage of population at risk of impoverishing expenditure from SOA health care

MOH
Hospital registries
World Bank Data
World Development Indicators
Broader government goals and spillover effects
  • Promote economic growth

  • Reduce inequality and poverty

  • Promote social cohesion

  • Attain universal health coverage

  • Achieve regional geopolitical dominance

  • Promote national glory

  • Reduce fossil fuel dependence

Country statistical office
Country development plan
UNDP
WHO
World Bank
IMF
  • Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; IMF, International Monetary Fund; MOH, Ministry of Health; NSOAP, national surgical, obstetric, and anesthesia plan; SOA, surgical, obstetric, and anesthesia; UNDP, United Nations Development Programme; WHO, World Health Organization.