Ethiopia DUP was designed to scaffold onto the government's information revolution roadmap through leadership engagement, mentored and team-based capacity building, financial incentives, and investments in the eHealth architecture | |||||
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Actor | Action | Action Target and Justification | Temporality | Dose | Implementation Outcome |
Study staff | Leadership engagement | Work with MOH leadership at district, province, and national levels to define and bolster governance structures and define standards and responsibilities | Baseline and annually thereafter | Formal dissemination meetings at each level (1–2 hours) | Acceptability, sustainability |
Mentored supervision | Local universities provide individual HIS capacity building to health worker-led PMTs in target regions through the CBMP | At a minimum, quarterly mentored supervision | Supervision visits of PMTs (2–3 hours) | Adoption | |
Investments in data use eHealth architecture | Financial support to upgrade technology for HIS as well as related learning platforms linked to the Connected Woreda strategy | Investments were made at the start of DUP to upgrade technologies | Penetration, sustainability | ||
Study staff, facility staff | PMTs at health facility level | PMTs meet to review data, perform root cause analysis, LQAS, and define tailored action strategies for improvement | Monthly | Meetings monthly (2–3 hours) | Appropriateness, penetration |
Ghana's CHPS+ project approach provided investments into learning platforms and mentoring partnerships and reinforced data collection modalities (e-Tracker/Data dashboard) | |||||
Actor | Action | Action Target and Justification | Temporality | Dose | Implementation Outcome |
Study staff, university partners | Linked systems learning districts and university-based learning process | Innovative approach to transfer system strengthening strategies from 4 districts to larger-scale implementation in additional regions (peer learning with financial incentives) | Peer learning introduced at baseline and followed up once at 6 months | Two trainings at baseline and 6 months for each systems learning district | Adoption, appropriateness |
Study staff | Mentoring support | Peer learning operations prioritized including decision making and leadership | At minimum quarterly | Mentoring 4 times per year (1–2 hours) | Adoption |
Technologies to reinforce data collection and use (e-Tracker) | Data capture, analysis, and use will be prioritized through the use and expansion of the e-Tracker | Start-up and annual refresher trainings plus monthly use on-the-job | Training/refresher course (3 hours) | Adoption, penetration, sustainability | |
Training to address skill gaps among health care team | Training to disseminate simple, low-cost, and rapid turnaround tools for impact monitoring to inform policy and practical decision making | Completed at baseline | 2–3 hours | Acceptability, fidelity | |
Mozambique IDEAs program was designed to adapt and expand a district-based audit and feedback approach and enhance capacity in research and targeted implementation studies linked to MNCH | |||||
Actor | Action | Action Target and Justification | Temporality | Dose | Implementation Outcome |
Mozambique NIH | Service provision assessments and data quality audits | Periodic service readiness and data quality assessments of a rotating sample of randomly selected facilities in the study area | Conducted quarterly | 1–2 days for each activity | Fidelity, penetration |
Study staff, MOH managers | District performance review and enhancement meetings | Adaptation and expansion of the district performance and enhancement meetings into an iterative learning approach | Conducted twice annually | 4–5 hours | Appropriateness, penetration |
Mentored supervision | Build and support implementation research, through mentoring visits that review action plans and use of facility support grants | Quarterly at a subsample of sites | 2–3 hours | Adoption, implementation cost |
Abbreviations: AHI, African Health Initiative; CBMP, capacity building and mentorship program; DUP, Data Use Partnership; HIS, health information system; IDEAs, Integrated District Evidence-to-Action program to improve maternal, newborn, and child health; LQAS, lot quality assurance sampling; MOH, Ministry of Health; PMT, performance-monitoring team.