Associations Between Various Community, Household, and Structural Factors and Sustainability of Basic Sanitationa Coverage 1-Year Post-Implementation
| Variableb | Post-Implementation Percentage Point Change in Basic Sanitation Coverage, % (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Household wealth quintiles | ||
| Lowest 2 quintiles | −18 (−19, −16) | <.01 |
| Upper 3 quintiles | −11 (−12, −10) | |
| HH with any person with disability | ||
| Yes | −8 (−13, −3) | .03 |
| No | −14 (−15, −13) | |
| Baseline (round 1) sanitation coverage | ||
| 75% baseline sanitation coverage | −5 (−8, −3) | <.01 |
| 50% baseline sanitation coverage | −9 (−11, −8) | |
| 25% baseline sanitation coverage | −13 (−14, −12) | |
| Rate of change in sanitation coverage from round 1 to 4 during the previous intervention | ||
| +75% increase in coverage | −22 (−23, −21) | <.01 |
| +50% increase in coverage | −11 (−12, −10) | |
| +25% increase in coverage | 1 (−1, 2) | |
| Soil type | ||
| Solid rock/clay | −13 (−14, −12) | .26 |
| Other | −14 (−16, −13) | |
| Water table depth | ||
| 1–3 meters | −4 (−6, −2) | <.01 |
| >3 meters | −15 (−16, −14) | |
| Tank pit above ground levelc | ||
| Yes | −13 (−16, −11) | <.01 |
| No | −5 (−6, −4) | |
| Toilet agec | ||
| < 1 year | −7 (−10, −5) | .85 |
| 1 year or more | −8 (−8, −7) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HH, household; JMP, WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene.
↵a JMP definition.
↵b Each variable represents a separate model that was run. Each model controlled for country program.
↵c Analysis restricted to those with a toilet. This compares the change in coverage of basic sanitation in the numerator to all types of sanitation in the denominator.