Component of DFS VC | Organizational Set-up/Stakeholders | Process/Function | End Product/Service |
---|---|---|---|
Production of raw material | Manufacturers of pharmaceutical/food grade ferrous fumarate | Production of pharma grade iron from crude iron | Ferrous fumarate powder (used in iron pharmaceutical preparations and DFS premix) |
Manufacturers of: Durum semolina wheat flour Titanium dioxide (food grade) HPMC HSO | Production and supply of raw materials required for binding and encapsulating the ferrous fumarate iron core: Durum Semolina – for binding of ferrous fumarate powder Titanium Dioxide – used as a whitening agent HSO and HPMC – used for encapsulation | Other raw materials (food grade/pharma grade) (used in the food processing/pharma industry and DFS premix production) | |
DFS premix production | DFS premix manufacturers | Ferrous fumarate powder binding to produce DFS premix core through a process of binding and extrusion. These particles are then coated with a whitening agent (Titanium dioxide) and encapsulated using soy stearin and HPMC coating | DFS premix |
Salt manufacturers | DFS premix is procured by salt manufacturers and blended with iodized salt to produce DFS | DFS | |
DFS production | Raw salt producers | Small scale raw salt producers mine salt from sea or lake brine and sell raw salt to refineries for further processing | Raw salt for processing to refineries/salt manufacturers |
Storage distribution and marketing | Commercial distribution channels – vendor warehouses to wholesale retailers to local shops | DFS transported mainly by rail (from Gujarat and Rajasthan) and mainly by road from other salt-producing states | Availability of DFS in local shops and institutions |
Public channels – vendor warehouses to government warehouses and institutional networks such as PDS shops | Standard packing and logistics requirements for food products followed | ||
Consumption of DFS (Consumer value chain) | Beneficiaries of public food distribution programs | Consumption of food cooked with DFS or receiving subsidized DFS for use at homes | Regular use of DFS |
Consumers in the private sector | Purchase of table salt from markets and choice of salt | ||
Value chain governance | Salt producer and trader associations | Salt producer and trader associations: Coordination between salt producers and traders | Developing and sustaining the DFS market Promotion of DFS for consistent use at-scale |
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India | Setting of fortification standards Enforcement of standards through regulatory checks Promotion of fortified products through capacity building and training of manufacturers and promotional campaigns among consumers | ||
Confederation of Indian Industry | Developing a market for DFS and other commercial coordination |
Abbreviations: DFS, double fortified salt; HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; HSO, hydrogenated soy oil; VC, value chain.