TABLE 1.

Participants’ Individual and Household Characteristics at Baseline

	Intervention (N=234), Mean±SE or %	Control (N=228), Mean±SE or %	P Value
No. of household members	5.9±0.1	5.8±0.1	.96
Age of mother, years	33.7±0.4	32.8±0.5	.20
Age of father, years	40.1±1.1	37.6±1.0	.00
No. of children	3.5±0.1	3.4	.78
Age of index child, months	19.6±0.4	19.9±0.4	.97
Sex of index child, % male	46.6	46.9	.71
Marital status of mother			.76
Single	23.2	29.4
Married	72.1	66.7
Widowed	2.1	1.8
Separated/divorced	2.6	2.2
Index mothers who are household heads, %	5.6	6.6
Mother’s occupation			.74
Farmer	95.7	92.5
Housewife	0.4	1.3
Jobless	1.7	2.2
Other	2.1	3.9
Mother’s education			.06
Informal education, never attended school	12.0	14.9
Lower primary (1–4)	36.8	36.4
Upper primary (5–8)	39.3	37.7
Any secondary or higher	12.0	11.0
Father’s occupation			.42
Farmer	90.6	87.5
Jobless	0.0	1.6
Other	7.4	11.0
Father’s education			.68
Informal education, never attended school	13.6	14.1
Lower primary (1–4)	33.3	28.1
Upper primary (5–8)	43.9	45.3
Any secondary or higher	9.1	12.5
Household assets: land, ha	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.0	.41
Household domestic asset index^a	9.1±0.6	10.1±1.0	.36
CASHPOR housing index^b	5.0±0.2	5.2±0.2	.03
Household food insecurity access category			.98
Food secure	13.7	17.0
Mild food insecurity	0.9	0.4
Moderate food insecurity	22.2	20.1
Severe food insecurity	63.2	62.5

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.
↵^a Household domestic asset index was calculated for all movable assets including livestock, so that each asset was assigned a weight then adjusted for age. Higher asset scores indicate higher socioeconomic status.
↵^b The CASHPOR housing index captures quality of housing by using roof, wall, and floor materials as a proxy for measuring poverty. CASHPOR scores below 5 indicate very poor housing and scores from 5 to 9 indicate poor housing.