| Free or highly subsidized services | Helps facilitate rapid expansion, since poor and rural clients have highest unmet need | Requires adequate financing mechanisms to subsidize costs | Requires continued investment and greater role of country governments, through contract arrangements and other innovations |
| Teams of dedicated providers | Can encourage expansion in areas of high demand by filling service gaps at existing public and private clinics, particularly with high-quality services that can be monitored more easily with such providers | Requires trained staff whocan be deployed to remote areas | Greater emphasis on integrated service delivery models may generate hybrid models. As public-sector capacity develops, dedicated providers may shift their role to a support function. |
| Public-private partnerships | Must be in place for channel to operate properly, and therefore, for service delivery expansion to occur | Requires collaborative relationships with public sector and robust referral systems | Possible to sustain over the long term, although dynamics may change with the private sector mentoring public-sector providers who assume a larger role in service delivery (presuming the supply of competent public providers increases) |