TABLE 3.

Cost-Effectiveness of PPIUD Initiative

Outcome of interest^a	Bangladesh			Tanzania
Outcome of interest^a	Estimated Number	ICER Without Cost Offset^b	ICER With Cost Offset	Estimated Number	ICER Without Cost Offset^b	ICER With Cost Offset^c
PPIUDs inserted	8,031	67.2	PPIUD dominates	7,448	251.1	69.9
CYPs	36,943	14.6	PPIUD dominates	34,261	54.6	15.2
Unintended pregnancies averted	16,683	32.3	PPIUD dominates	15,471	120.8	33.7
Maternal deaths averted	11	50,731.0	PPIUD dominates	30	62,316.9	17,358.8
Child deaths averted	63	8,613.0	PPIUD dominates	306	6,109.5	1,701.8
Total DALYs averted (maternal + child DALYs)	5,918	91.1	PPIUD dominates	27,626	67.7	18.9

Abbreviations: CYP, couple-years of protection; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; PPIUD, postpartum intrauterine device.
↵a Outcomes are the estimated service lifespan impacts from the Impact 2 tool.
↵b The ICER without cost offset is equivalent to the cost per outcome because the cost of standard practice is estimated as zero cost in both study groups without any impact on the ICER.
↵c When neither the intervention nor standard care “dominates,” the ICER should be used to decide whether or not to invest (see Figure 2).