TABLE 8.

Generalized Estimating Equationsa Bivariate Associations With Child Stunting for 553 Children Aged 0–23 Months, Huánuco Region, Peru

Predictors of Child StuntingbEstimate Beta95% Confidence IntervalSignificance
Experimental group0.21−0.31, 0.74.43
Mother is literate0.640.30, 0.98<.00
Interaction: experimental group × maternal literacy0.750.20, 1.30<.00
Maternal characteristics
 No. of children born in mother’s lifetime (1–12)−0.12−0.24, 0.01.07
 Mother has remunerated work (0, 1)0.00−0.34, 0.34.99
Child characteristics
 Age (0–23 months)−0.08−0.10, −0.05<.00
 Female child (0, 1)0.630.26, 0.99<.00
 Low birth weight (<2,500 g)−0.751.32, −0.72.01
 Birth weight (g).00.00, .00<.00
Child feeding variables
 Receives breastmilk within 1 hour of birth (0, 1)−0.19−0.62, 0.24.39
 Meets minimum food diversity (0, 1)−0.57−1.18, .054.07
 Meets minimum meal frequency (0, 1)−0.17−0.86, 0.53.64
 Consumes iron-rich foods in past 24 hours (0, 1)−0.35−1.47, 0.78.55
 Consumes animal food source past 24 hours (0, 1)0.02−0.55, 0.60.94
Micronutrient consumption
 Mother took iron during last pregnancy (0–9 months)0.09−0.02, 0.17.06
 Child consumed Sprinklesc in past 24 hours (0, 1)−0.45−0.86, −0.04.03
 Vitamin A capsule taken by child in past 6 months (0, 1)−0.04−0.56, 0.49.89
Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices
 Mother washes hands after defecation (0, 1)0.10−0.17, 0.36.46
 Soap, ash, or detergent used to wash hands (0, 1)0.03−0.19, 0.24.80
 Household has safe water source (0, 1)−0.35−0.85, 0.15.17
 Drinking water is treated correctly (0, 1)0.20−0.33, 0.73.45
 Improved cook stove installed in past 4 years (0, 1)−0.44−0.85, −0.03.03
 Non-pet animals do not live in the home (0, 1)0.14−0.26, 0.54.50
Government health and social services
 Parasite treatment for child in past 6 months (0, 1)−0.90−1.43, −0.37<.01
 Mother in participatory women’s group (0, 1)−0.08−0.47, 0.31.68
 Glass of Milk daily ration for child (0, 1)−0.08−0.48, 0.33.72
 Juntos cash transfer received by mother (0, 1)−0.10−0.46, 0.27.59
  • Abbreviation: CHW, community health worker.

  • a Adjusted for clustering.

  • b Outcome variable: stunted=1, not stunted=0.

  • c Multi-micronutrients with iron.