TABLE 2.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Discontinuation of Modern Contraception in Pakistan, by Quality Domain

Unadjusted Univariate ModelModel 1Unadjusted Full ModelModel 2Adjusted Reduced ModelaModel 3
Facility Quality DomainHR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-value
Readiness for choice0.89b (0.77, 1.03).100.94i (0.81, 1.10).430.92j (0.80, 1.05).20
Readiness for management support1.02c (0.90, 1.15).770.91i (0.76, 1.09).30
Client-centered readiness1.14d (0.90, 1.44).271.23i (0.92, 1.65).16
Interpersonal skills0.80e (0.69, 0.92).0020.97i (0.76, 1.25).83
Technical competence0.92f (0.86, 0.98).0081.00i (0.90, 1.11).99
Information provision0.79g (0.68, 0.91).0011.06i (0.79, 1.42).72
Structural privacy0.37h (0.24, 0.57)<.0010.36i (0.18, 0.71).0030.40j (0.26, 0.61)<.001
Age category (35–49, ref)
 15–241.96 (1.01, 3.78).05
 25–341.70 (1.02, 2.83).04
Use short-acting method1.80 (1.14, 2.86).01
  • Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ref, reference category; SE, standard error.

  • a Adjusted for participants’ age and short-acting versus long-acting method use at baseline.

  • b Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.88, SE=0.33, P<.001.

  • c Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.99, SE=0.35, P<.001.

  • d Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.98, SE=0.34, P<.001.

  • e Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.68, SE=0.28, P<.001.

  • f Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.72, SE=0.30, P<.001.

  • g Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.63, SE=0.29, P<.001.

  • h Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.47, SE=0.23, P=.001.

  • i Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.44, SE=0.22, P=.001.

  • j Theta (shared frailty term): t=0.55, SE=0.27, P<.001.