TABLE 1.

Summary of Content Analysis on Factors That Influence Data Use To Improve Health Service Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Reference and Location	Peer-Reviewed Literature Analysis									Gray Literature Analysis
Reference and Location	Leadership	Participatory Monitoring	Presentation of Findings	Data Quality	Qualitative Data	Electronic HMIS	Organizational Structure	Contextual Factors	PBF	Regular Review^a	Training^a
Peer-reviewed literature analysis
Björkman and Svensson³⁷ – Uganda		X
Chukwuani et al³² – Enugu State, Nigeria					X
Edward et al³³ – Afghanistan	X		X
Edward et al³⁹ – Afghanistan		X	X
Holvoet and Inberg³⁸ – Rwanda and Uganda	X			X			X		X	X
Jacobs et al⁴⁰ – Kirivong Operational Health District, south east Cambodia	X								X
Kananura et al⁴¹ – 3 districts in eastern Uganda	X	X			X			X		X
Khim et al³⁴ – Cambodia	X							X
Krishnan et al³⁵ – Ballabgarh, India						X				X
Nutley et al⁴² – Kenya			X	X
Nutley et al³⁶ – Côte d’Ivoire		X		X		X	X			X	X
Wagenaar et al⁴³ – Mozambique, Rwanda, and Zambia		X		X			X
Gray literature analysis
Afe et al⁴⁴ – Nigeria	X			X		X		X			X
Anasel et al⁴⁶ – Tanzania	X	X		X		X					X
Li et al⁴⁵ – Tanzania	X									X	X
MEASURE Evaluation⁴⁷ – Mali						X
MEASURE Evaluation⁴⁸ – Kenya	X	X	X							X	X
Millar et al⁴⁹ – Kenya			X			X				X

Abbreviations: HMIS, Health Management Information System; PBF, performance-based financing.
↵a Identified as potential factors following gray literature analysis.