Associations of FASH Findings With Probable/Confirmed TB in Participants at an Urban Medical Center, Lilongwe, Malawi (N=56)
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | PLR (95% CI) | NLR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pericardial effusiona | 7.06 (3.18, 15.66) | 0.43 (0.30, 0.57) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.95) | 0.67 (0.49, 0.81) | 0.78 (0.70, 0.84) | 4.30 (2.32, 7.97) | 0.63 (0.50, 0.80) |
| Pleural effusion | 8.91 (2.35, 33.82) | 0.18 (0.09, 0.30) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.00) | 0.77 (0.46, 0.95) | 0.73 (0.65, 0.79) | 9.00 (2.58, 31.45) | 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) |
| Ascites | 4.60 (1.47, 14.44) | 0.16 (0.08, 0.28) | 0.96 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.64 (0.35, 0.87) | 0.72 (0.64, 0.79) | 4.00 (1.40, 11.39) | 0.88 (0.78, 0.99) |
| Abdominal lymphadenopathy | 13.35 (3.66, 48.71) | 0.25 (0.14, 0.38) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.00) | 0.82 (0.57, 0.96) | 0.74 (0.67, 0.81) | 12.50 (3.74, 41.80) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) |
| Hepatic lesions | 0.74 (0.08, 7.27) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.10) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.00) | 0.25 (0.01, 0.81) | 0.69 (0.62, 0.76) | 1.00 (0.11,9.40) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) |
| Splenic lesions | 3.48 (0.57, 21.43) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.15) | 0.98 (0.94, 1.00) | 0.60 (0.15, 0.95) | 0.70 (0.63, 0.77) | 2.50 (0.43, 14.55) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) |
| FASH positive | 7.92 (3.89, 16.12) | 0.71 (0.58, 0.83) | 0.76 (0.68, 0.83) | 0.57 (0.45, 0.69) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.92) | 2.96 (2.08, 4.21) | 0.38 (0.25, 0.58) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FASH, focused assessment with sonography for HIV-associated tuberculosis; NLR, negative likelihood ratio; NPV, negative predictive value; OR, odds ratio; PLR, positive likelihood ratio; PPV, positive predictive value; TB, tuberculosis.
↵a Trace pericardial effusions were excluded from the analysis due to unclear clinical significance.