Untargeted Metabolomic Assessment of A-RUTF and S-RUTF
| Metabolite Class | Specific Metabolites Identified Only in Alternative RUTF | Pathobiological Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Phosphatidylcholines | 1,2-Dipalmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-deoxy-2-thio-S-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3 phosphorylcholine 1-Stearoyl-2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 1-Palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine PC(O-16:0/16:1) PC(18:1/20:2) PC(18:0/20:4) Palmitoyleicosapentaenoyl phosphatidylcholine | Major component of most biological membranes, found in soy foods |
| Phosphoethanolamines | 2-Arachidonoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine 2-Linoleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine | Ethanolamine derivative of phospholipids |
| Cholesterols | 4-Cholestenone 7-Oxocholesterol 4-Beta-hydroxycholesterol 4-acetate | Oxidized forms of cholesterol, the likely source in RUTF is dairy products |
| Ceramides | Ceramide (18:1/16:0) N-Palmitoyl-d-sphingosine | A lipid component of cell membranes that enhances membrane rigidity and facilitates cell signaling through the membrane |
| Phytosterols | Cholestan-3-one Dihydrodaidzein | Plant-derived sterols typically found in soy products |
| Isoflavones | Genistin Glycitin 6″-O-Acetylgenistin 6″-O-Acetylglycitin Daidzin | Isoflavonoid compounds almost entirely derived from legume species, interact with estrogen receptors |
| Vitamins | Flavine mononucleotide | Form of riboflavin |
| Glucosyl glucose | (3beta,5xi,9xi,18xi,22beta)-22,25-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-3-yl 6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid | A small carbohydrate component of cellulose |
| Specific metabolites identified only in standard RUTF | ||
| Phosphatidylcholines | 1-Palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 1-Docosahexaenoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol | Major component of most biological membranes |
| Lipids | Erucic acid Glycerol 1-myristate | Minor components of edible oils; fatty acid and a monoglyceride |
| Phenylpropranoids | 14-(Methylpentadecanoylamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid | Food additive made from cinnamic acid and a natural product in coffee and tea |
| Phenylethylamide | Phenylethylamide 359 | Flavoring agent, naturally occurs in peanut |
Abbreviations: A-RUTF, alternative ready-to-use therapeutic food; S-RUTF, standard ready-to-use therapeutic food.