Multi-Level Logistic Regression Analysis of Household Demographics Associated With Wasting at Endline, October–December 2015
| Null Model (N=5,524) | Unadjusted OR (N=5,524) | Model 1a: AOR (95% CI) (N=4,913) | Model 2a: AOR (95% CI) (N=4,889) | Model 3a: AOR (95% CI) (N=4,869) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β° (SE) | 0.154 (0.008) | 0.180 (0.013) | 1.122 (0.261) | 1.551 (0.798) | 0.673 (0.463) |
| Children | |||||
| Resides in intervention area | 0.78 (0.64, 0.94)** | 0.80 (0.66, 0.97)* | 0.81 (0.67, 0.98)* | 0.81 (0.67, 0.99)* | |
| Age, months | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | ||
| Female | 0.75 (0.63, 0.89)** | 0.75 (0.64, 0.89)** | 0.76 (0.64, 0.90)** | ||
| Birth weight | 0.53 (0.46, 0.62)*** | 0.56 (0.48, 0.65)*** | 0.57 (0.49, 0.66)*** | ||
| Mothers | |||||
| Education | |||||
| Illiterate, primary, informal | 1 | 1 | |||
| Secondary (grades 5–10) | 0.75 (0.60, 0.93)** | 0.78 (0.63, 0.98)* | |||
| Higher secondary (grade 11 and above) | 0.74 (0.57, 0.97)* | 0.82 (0.62, 1.09) | |||
| Not employed | 1.05 (0.67, 1.66) | 1.04 (0.66, 1.64) | |||
| Body mass index, mean | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98)*** | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98)*** | |||
| Place of birth | |||||
| South India | 1 | 1 | |||
| North and Central India | 1.34 (0.87, 2.06) | 1.34 (0.86, 2.07) | |||
| East and Northeast India | 1.60 (1.00, 2.54)* | 1.61 (1.00, 2.59)* | |||
| West India | 1.23 (0.80, 1.89) | 1.21 (0.78, 1.87) | |||
| Mumbai | 1.22 (0.82, 1.83) | 1.29 (0.86, 1.95) | |||
| Age at marriage, mean | 1.02 (0.995, 1.05) | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06)* | |||
| Households | |||||
| Years of residence in Mumbai | |||||
| Less than 1 year | 1 | ||||
| 1–5 years | 1.11 (0.52, 2.33) | ||||
| 6 or more years | 0.92 (0.47, 1.81) | ||||
| Treatment of drinking waterb | 0.89 (0.74, 1.08) | ||||
| PPI: Likelihood below the US$2.16/day/PPP line | 2.06 (1.13, 3.74)* | ||||
| Private toilet | 0.89 (0.70, 1.14) | ||||
| Food insecurityc | 1.09 (0.88, 1.35) | ||||
| Religion | |||||
| Muslim | 1 | ||||
| Hindu | 1.23 (1.01, 1.49)* | ||||
| Other | 1.12 (0.73, 1.73) | ||||
| SD (SE) | 0.433 (0.061) | 0.416 (0.061) | 0.356 (0.072) | 0.330 (0.077) | 0.325 (0.078) |
| Intracluster correlation coefficient | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Abbreviations: PPI, Progress out of Poverty Index; PPP, purchasing power parity; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error.
Statistical significance is calculated using mixed-effects logistic regression models.
↵* P≤.05; ** P≤.01; *** P≤.001.
↵a Model 1 adjusted for child characteristics; Model 2 adjusted for child and maternal characteristics; and Model 2 adjusted for child, maternal, and household characteristics.
↵b Treatment of drinking water includes chlorine, use of filter, solar disinfection, and boiling.
↵c Question: “In the last month did you worry that your household would not have enough food?”