Method | Ideal Condition to Use | Drawbacks |
---|---|---|
Means testing | When cost is not a consideration | Very expensive |
Proximal means testing | Low-poverty incidence in urban areas | Expensive, measures relative poverty |
Geographic targeting | High-poverty incidence in both urban and rural areas | Could lead to the non-poor who live in poor neighborhoods being exempted from premium |
Community wealth ranking | Low-poverty incidence in rural communities | Measures relative poverty, cannot be used where community ties are weak |
Adapted from Umeh CA (2017).81