Study | Country | Date of Data Collection | Sample Size | Urban/Rural | Study Design | Enrollment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poor Less Likely Than the Rich to Enroll | ||||||
Parmar D et al. (2014)51 | Burkina Faso | 2004–2008 | 990 households | Both | Pre and post without control (repeated measures) | The poor were less likely to either enroll or use CBHI |
Jutting JP (2004)52 | Senegal | 2000 | 346 households | Rural | Post without control | Higher-income group significantly more likely to enroll in health insurance |
Dror DM et al. (2005)53 | Philippines | 2002 | 1,953 households | Post with control | The poor were more uninsured than the rich | |
Basaza R et al. (2007)54 | Uganda | 2004–2005 | 63 individuals | Rural | Case study with key informant interviews | Inability to pay premium most common reason (80%) for non-enrollment |
Basaza R et al. (2008)55 | Uganda | 2005–2006 | 185 individuals | Rural | Qualitative—focus group discussions and in-depth interviews | Inability to pay premium most common reason for non-enrollment |
Franco LM et al. (2008)56 | Mali | 2004 | 2,280 households | Both | Post with control | Enrollment was significantly higher in the rich wealth quintile than other quintiles; insured were more likely to use health services |
Saksena P et al. (2011)58 | Rwanda | 2005–2006 | 6,800 households | Both | Post with control | Poorer households were less likely to be insured |
De Allegri M et al. (2013)28 | Burkina Faso | 2004 | 547 households | Both | Post with control | Enrollees in insurance scheme were more likely to be wealthier than non-enrollees |
Jütting JP (2004)9 | Senegal | 2000 | 346 households | Rural | Post with control | The poor were less likely to enroll in CBHI |
No Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Enrollment | ||||||
Schneider P et al. (2004)57 | Rwanda | 2000 | 2,518 households | Rural | Post with control | No relationship between socioeconomic status and enrollment in health insurance or use of it by enrollees |
Premium Subsidy Increased Enrollment | ||||||
Oberländer L et al. (2014)59 | Burkina Faso | 2008–2009 | 25,494 individuals | Both | Regression discontinuity | Probability of enrollment increased by 30 percentage points with eligibility for premium subsidy |
Parmar D et al. (2012)60 | Burkina Faso | 2004–2007 | 990 households | Both | Pre and post without control (repeated measures) | With onset of subsidy, percentage of the insured who were poor increased from 3.4% in 2006 to 26.0% in 2007 |
Souares A et al. (2010)61 | Burkina Faso | 2006–2007 | 7,122 households | Both | Pre and post without control | With the onset of subsidy in 2007, the proportion of the poor enrolled in CBHI increased from 1.1% in 2006 to 11.1% in 2007 |
Zhang L et al. (2008)74 | China | 2004–2006 | 1,169 households | Rural | Post without control (repeated measures) | Low-income group was less likely to enroll in the subsidized CBHI than the middle- and high-income groups |
Wagstaff A et al. (2007)75 | China | 2003, 2005 | 8,476 households | Rural | Pre and post with control (propensity score matching) | Subsidized insurance improved use of services in the poorest 10% of the population |
Abbreviation: CBHI, community-based health insurance.