TABLE 2. Summary of Studies on Enrollment in Community-Based Health Insurance
StudyCountryDate of Data CollectionSample SizeUrban/RuralStudy DesignEnrollment
Poor Less Likely Than the Rich to Enroll
Parmar D et al. (2014)51Burkina Faso2004–2008990 householdsBothPre and post without control (repeated measures)The poor were less likely to either enroll or use CBHI
Jutting JP (2004)52Senegal2000346 householdsRuralPost without controlHigher-income group significantly more likely to enroll in health insurance
Dror DM et al. (2005)53Philippines20021,953 householdsPost with controlThe poor were more uninsured than the rich
Basaza R et al. (2007)54Uganda2004–200563 individualsRuralCase study with key informant interviewsInability to pay premium most common reason (80%) for non-enrollment
Basaza R et al. (2008)55Uganda2005–2006185 individualsRuralQualitative—focus group discussions and in-depth interviewsInability to pay premium most common reason for non-enrollment
Franco LM et al. (2008)56Mali20042,280 householdsBothPost with controlEnrollment was significantly higher in the rich wealth quintile than other quintiles; insured were more likely to use health services
Saksena P et al. (2011)58Rwanda2005–20066,800 householdsBothPost with controlPoorer households were less likely to be insured
De Allegri M et al. (2013)28Burkina Faso2004547 householdsBothPost with controlEnrollees in insurance scheme were more likely to be wealthier than non-enrollees
Jütting JP (2004)9Senegal2000346 householdsRuralPost with controlThe poor were less likely to enroll in CBHI
No Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Enrollment
Schneider P et al. (2004)57Rwanda20002,518 householdsRuralPost with controlNo relationship between socioeconomic status and enrollment in health insurance or use of it by enrollees
Premium Subsidy Increased Enrollment
Oberländer L et al. (2014)59Burkina Faso2008–200925,494 individualsBothRegression discontinuityProbability of enrollment increased by 30 percentage points with eligibility for premium subsidy
Parmar D et al. (2012)60Burkina Faso2004–2007990 householdsBothPre and post without control (repeated measures)With onset of subsidy, percentage of the insured who were poor increased from 3.4% in 2006 to 26.0% in 2007
Souares A et al. (2010)61Burkina Faso2006–20077,122 householdsBothPre and post without controlWith the onset of subsidy in 2007, the proportion of the poor enrolled in CBHI increased from 1.1% in 2006 to 11.1% in 2007
Zhang L et al. (2008)74China2004–20061,169 householdsRuralPost without control (repeated measures)Low-income group was less likely to enroll in the subsidized CBHI than the middle- and high-income groups
Wagstaff A et al. (2007)75China2003, 20058,476 householdsRuralPre and post with control (propensity score matching)Subsidized insurance improved use of services in the poorest 10% of the population

  • Abbreviation: CBHI, community-based health insurance.