TABLE 6. Multinomial Logit Coefficient Estimates and Estimated Program (Interaction) Effect for LARC/PM Use and Other Method Use, Mayer Hashi Evaluation, 2013 (N = 37,902)
LARCs/PMsOther Methods
CoefficientSEP ValueCoefficientSEP Value
Program (ref: nonprogram)–0.0840.088.34–0.2430.049<.001
Year 2013 (ref: 2010)0.6160.157<.0010.1450.070.04
 Program X Year–0.3590.182.05–0.2230.093.02
Age, years (ref: 25–29)
 <20–2.3960.280<.001–0.8120.072<.001
 20–24–1.0390.166<.001–0.2830.056<.001
 30–340.6910.122<.0010.2470.072.001
 35–391.0710.127<.0010.4600.071<.001
 40–440.4870.155.002–0.0540.078.49
 45–490.1690.157.28–1.2690.081<.001
Education (ref: no education)
 Primary incomplete0.2420.110.030.1890.057.001
 Primary complete–0.1640.127.200.2730.053<.001
 Secondary incomplete–0.2760.140.050.2310.061<.001
 Secondary complete or higher–0.5890.197.0030.2790.085.001
Wealth quintile (ref: lowest)
 Second–0.2070.115.070.0640.056.25
 Middle–0.2850.124.02–0.1390.061.02
 Fourth–0.2630.135.05–0.2210.072.002
 Highest–0.3800.171.03–0.3780.083<.001
Religion (ref: Muslim)
 Non-Muslim0.5450.137<.0010.2780.063<.001
Sector (ref: rural)
 Urban0.2780.115.020.2860.054<.001
 Constant–1.9880.129<.0010.3800.073<.001
Program effecta
 Interaction effect–0.0170.011.14–0.0380.021.07
  • Abbreviations: LARC, long-acting reversible contraceptive; PM, permanent method; SE, standard error.

  • a Estimated from the predicted probabilities of LARC/PM use or other method use obtained from the model for each program area by survey year combination, in line with the difference-in-difference approach to estimate program impact, as described in the main body of the article.