Summary of Key Household Variables
| Variable | Description | Variable Type |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase of maize flour | ||
| Purchased packaged (fortified) maize flour | 1= Household purchased maize flour in packaged and sealed form | Dummy |
| Price paid | Average price paid for maize flour (KES/gram) | Continuous |
| Distance traveled | Average distance traveled to purchase maize flour (km) | Continuous |
| Main shopper characteristics | ||
| Age of main shopper | Age of the main shopper in the household (years) | Continuous |
| Secondary school education | 1=Main shopper has at least some secondary school education | Dummy |
| Female | 1=Main shopper is female | Dummy |
| Notice signs | 1=Main shopper notices signs that encourage healthy purchases when shopping | Dummy |
| Notice nutrition information | 1=Main shopper notices nutrition information or nutrition labels on packaged foods | Dummy |
| Notice fortified status | 1=Main shopper notices the fortification status of food products before purchase | Dummy |
| Fortified status: Most importanta | 1=Main shopper reports that fortification is among the most important food attributes | Dummy |
| Fortified status: Least importanta | 1=Main shopper reports that fortification is among the least important food attributes | Dummy |
| Household characteristics | ||
| Female-headed household | 1=Household head is female | Dummy |
| No. adults | Number of adults in the household | Continuous |
| No. children | Number of children in the household | Continuous |
| Poverty likelihoodb | Likelihood (%) that a household is below US$3.20/day international poverty level | Continuous |
| More poor | 1=Household is above the median poverty likelihood value | Dummy |
| Less poor | 1=Household is below the median poverty likelihood value | Dummy |
| Farm household | 1=Household is involved in farming | Dummy |
| Food environment characteristics | ||
| Packaged (fortified) maize flour in food environment | 1= Home food environment has at least one outlet selling packaged (fortified) maize flour | Dummy |
| No. outlets selling packaged (fortified) maize flour | Number of outlets in the home food environment that offer packaged (fortified) maize flour | Continuous |
| Density of outlets selling packaged (fortified) maize flour in home food environment | Number of outlets per km2 that offer packaged (fortified) maize flour in the home food environment | |
| Price of packaged (fortified) maize flour | Median purchase price of packaged (fortified) maize flour in the enumeration area (KES/kg) | Continuous |
| Price premium for packaged (fortified) maize flour | Gap between median price of packaged and unpackaged maize flour in the enumeration area (KES/kg) | Continuous |
| Geographic characteristics | ||
| Nairobi urban | 1= Household resides in urban Nairobi | Dummy |
| Nairobi peri-urban | 1= Household resides in peri-urban Nairobi | Dummy |
| Kisumu urban | 1= Household resides in urban Kisumu | Dummy |
| Kisumu peri-urban | 1= Household resides in peri-urban Kisumu | Dummy |
a Respondents were presented with a list of 18 food attributes and asked to select their 4 most important and 4 least important attributes.
b This measure of each household’s likelihood of poverty is based on scores given to 10 indicators, including household size, number of habitable rooms and wall material of the dwelling unit, ownership of a television or mobile phone, whether the household contains any member with a disability, and the nature of household members’ work, literacy, and education. The resulting score is converted into probabilities of falling below the US$3.20/day poverty line.31 These probabilities are then used to categorize households as having a low or high likelihood of poverty, based on whether they are below or above the median poverty likelihood score.