TABLE 3.

Summary of Themes and Subthemes From Stakeholder Interviews, by Main Category, Lusaka, Zambia, 2022

CategoryThemesSubthemes
Challenges in the pharmaceutical supply chainAffordability of medicinesMedicines are expensive
Stockouts of medicines
Monopolies are barriers to access
Poor transportation
Presence of poor-quality medicines
Regulatory challengesPractice and regulation mismatch
Regulation impacts access and affordability
Rigid licensing guidelines
Availability of medicines
Slow regulatory process
Potential benefits of the innovative pharmacy approachImproved availability of productsFast track product registration
Improved access and distribution
Improved economy
Improved procurement efficiency
Improve supply chain bottlenecks
Improved quality assuranceAuthentication of products
Improved monitoring of products
Improved traceabilityImproved track and trace
Limitations and shortcomings to the innovative pharmacy approachBehavioral challengesLack of awareness
People are slow to change
Reluctant acceptance of technology
Resistance to change
Financial challengesHigh cost of innovation
Lack of financial support
Lack of government interestLack of involvement by the Ministry of Health
No government support
Quality assurance challengesLack of authentication technologies
Regulatory challengesLack of specific regulations
Rigid pharmaceutical regulations
Technical challengesElectricity and internet as barriers
Innovation is not inclusive
Last point delivery confusion
Lead time challenges
Recommendations for improvementDigitizationDigitize patient records
Increased digitization of the country
EducationIncreased training for regulators
Increased awareness
Government leadIntroduce more technology
Investment into technology
Quality assuranceLeverage technology
Need innovation for authentication
RegulationNeed for a new regulatory framework
Need for localized regulations
Need for regulation to enforce medicine quality
Research