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Global Health: Science and Practice

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More articles from ORIGINAL ARTICLE

  • Open Access
    Benefits and Limitations of a Community-Engaged Emergency Referral System in a Remote, Impoverished Setting of Northern Ghana
    Sneha Patel, John Koku Awoonor-Williams, Rofina Asuru, Christopher B Boyer, Janet Awopole Yepakeh Tiah, Mallory C Sheff, Margaret L Schmitt, Robert Alirigia, Elizabeth F Jackson and James F Phillips
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2016, 4(4):552-567; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00253

    A low-cost emergency and communication transportation system used 3-wheeled motorcycles driven by trained community volunteers. Delivery referrals were redirected from health centers to hospitals capable of advanced services including cesarean deliveries, which was associated with reduced facility-based maternal mortality.

  • Open Access
    Key Role of Drug Shops and Pharmacies for Family Planning in Urban Nigeria and Kenya
    Meghan Corroon, Essete Kebede, Gean Spektor and Ilene Speizer
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2016, 4(4):594-609; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00197

    Pharmacies and drug shops provide a rich opportunity for expanding family planning access to urban women, especially unmarried and younger women. In urban Nigeria and Kenya, drug shops and pharmacies were the major sources for most short-acting methods, including oral contraceptive pills, emergency contraceptives, and condoms.

  • Open Access
    Strengthening Government Leadership in Family Planning Programming in Senegal: From Proof of Concept to Proof of Implementation in 2 Districts
    Barry Aichatou, Cheikh Seck, Thierno Souleymane Baal Anne, Gabrielle Clémentine Deguenovo, Alexis Ntabona and Ruth Simmons
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2016, 4(4):568-581; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00250

    Based on a previous pilot experience, in a next proof-of-implementation phase, district authorities enthusiastically assumed leadership and mobilized local resources to implement a simplified package of family planning interventions, with outside technical support. Comparing a 6-month baseline period with a 6-month implementation period, couple-years of protection increased from about 2,000 to about 4,000 (82% increase) in one district, and from nearly 6,000 to about 9,000 (56% increase) in the second. Longer implementation periods could further support institutionalization and sustainability.

  • Open Access
    Referral Systems to Integrate Health and Economic Strengthening Services for People with HIV: A Qualitative Assessment in Malawi
    Clinton Sears, Zach Andersson and Meredith Cann
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2016, 4(4):610-625; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00195

    Two types of referral systems were implemented in this low-resource context: (1) a simple paper-based system connecting clinical HIV and nutrition support to village savings and loans services, and (2) a complex mHealth-based system with more than 20 types of health, economic strengthening, livelihoods, and food security services. Clients reported the referrals improved their health and nutrition and ability to save money in both models but more with the simple model. Providers had difficulty using the mobile app under the mHealth system, even after repeated trainings, considerable ongoing technical assistance, and multiple rounds of revisions to the interface.

  • Open Access
    Limited Effectiveness of a Skills and Drills Intervention to Improve Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care in Karnataka, India: A Proof-of-Concept Study
    Beena Varghese, Jayanna Krishnamurthy, Blaze Correia, Ruchika Panigrahi, Maryann Washington, Vinotha Ponnuswamy and Prem Mony
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2016, 4(4):582-593; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00143

    Skills refresher training combined with emergency drills improved knowledge, skills, and confidence of providers but was not sufficient to improve diagnosis and management of maternal and newborn complications. Systems-level changes, including consistent availability of equipment and supplies, adequate human resource staffing, and supportive supervision, are likely needed to improve maternal and newborn outcomes.

  • Open Access
    Indoor Residual Spraying Delivery Models to Prevent Malaria: Comparison of Community- and District-Based Approaches in Ethiopia
    Benjamin Johns, Yemane Yeebiyo Yihdego, Lena Kolyada, Dereje Dengela, Sheleme Chibsa, Gunawardena Dissanayake, Kristen George, Hiwot Solomon Taffese and Bradford Lucas
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2016, 4(4):529-541; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00165

    Integrating indoor residual spraying into the institutionalized community-based health system in 5 districts was more efficient than the district-based model and did not compromise quality or compliance with environmental standards.

  • Open Access
    Social Mobilization and Community Engagement Central to the Ebola Response in West Africa: Lessons for Future Public Health Emergencies
    Amaya M Gillespie, Rafael Obregon, Rania El Asawi, Catherine Richey, Erma Manoncourt, Kshiitij Joshi, Savita Naqvi, Ade Pouye, Naqibullah Safi, Ketan Chitnis and Sabeeha Quereshi
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2016, 4(4):626-646; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00226

    Key lessons for the crucial components of social mobilization and community engagement in this context:

    • Invest in trusted local community members to facilitate community entrance and engagement.

    • Use key communication networks and channels with wide reach and relevance to the community, such as radio in low-resource settings or faith-based organizations.

    • Invest in strategic partnerships to tap relevant capacities and resources.

    • Support a network of communication professionals who can deploy rapidly for lengthy periods.

    • Balance centralized mechanisms to promote consistency and quality with decentralized programming for flexibility and adaptation to local needs.

    • Evolve communication approaches and messaging over time with the changing outbreak patterns, e.g., from halting disease transmission to integration and support of survivors.

    • Establish clear communication indicators and analyze and share data in real time.

  • Open Access
    Successful Implementation of a Multicountry Clinical Surveillance and Data Collection System for Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa: Findings and Lessons Learned
    Reshma Roshania, Michaela Mallow, Nelson Dunbar, David Mansary, Pranav Shetty, Taralyn Lyon, Kacey Pham, Matthew Abad, Erin Shedd, Anh-Minh A Tran, Sarah Cundy and Adam C Levine
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):394-409; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00186

    Despite resource and logistical constraints, International Medical Corps cared for thousands at 5 Ebola treatment units in Liberia and Sierra Leone between 2014 and 2015 while collecting hundreds of data points on each patient. To facilitate data collection and global reporting in future humanitarian responses, standardized data forms and databases, with clear definitions of clinical and epidemiological variables, should be developed and adopted by the international community.

  • Open Access
    Safety and Acceptability of Community-Based Distribution of Injectable Contraceptives: A Pilot Project in Mozambique
    Ana Jacinto, Mahomed Riaz Mobaracaly, Momade Bay Ustáb, Cassimo Bique, Cassandra Blazer, Karen Weidert and Ndola Prata
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):410-421; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00133

    Trained community health workers, including traditional birth attendants (TBAs), safely and effectively administered injectables in northern Mozambique; two-thirds of the women choosing injectables had never used contraception before. Including TBAs in the Ministry of Health’s recent task sharing strategy can improve rural women’s access to injectables and help meet women’s demand for contraception.

  • Open Access
    Progress in Harmonizing Tiered HIV Laboratory Systems: Challenges and Opportunities in 8 African Countries
    Jason Williams, Farouk Umaru, Dianna Edgil and Joel Kuritsky
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):467-480; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00004

    Countries have had mixed results in adhering to laboratory instrument procurement lists, with some limiting instrument brand expansion and others experiencing substantial growth in instrument counts and brand diversity. Important challenges to advancing laboratory harmonization strategies include:

    1. Lack of adherence to procurement policies

    2. Lack of an effective coordinating body

    3. Misalignment of laboratory policies, treatment guidelines, and minimum service packages

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US AIDJohns Hopkins Center for Communication ProgramsUniversity of Alberta

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