Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE 1
Human-Centered Design Process Used to Develop Prototypes of Interventions to Increase HIV Testing and Update of Antiretroviral Therapy Among Men
- FIGURE 2
Characteristics of Male Archetypes Used in Segments That Incorporate Infection Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors Related to HIV Testing and Treatment
- FIGURE 3
Matchboxology's 5-Step Human-Centered Design Process
- FIGURE 4
Coach Mpilo Program Conceptual Framework
Abbreviation: ART, antiretroviral therapy.
Tables
Activity Participants Description Contribution to Program Design Engage with AG National, provincial, and district DOH officials National and local implementing partners HIV-focused funders Local experts Learning and listening workshop augmented with one-on-one meetings with selected members – Learnings shared from previous successes and failures – Understand what AG members defined to be relevant academic or practical evidence based on lived experiences working with men – Explore each participating organization’s barriers, attitudes, motivations, and deliverables– The AG served as an expert resource with strategic checkpoints to change direction in real-time Video ethnography n=18 men;
n=4 HCWs1-day video “follow-alongs” in communities Increased empathy for men’s self-reported interactions with community members and the health care system IDIs n=58 men;
n=64 HCWs2-hour IDIs in high HIV risk, hard-to-reach communities Journey mapping, a technique visualizing the health-seeking journey of at-risk men to deepen empathy and inform problem solving – Provided men space and time to express feelings and insecurities that informed qualitative survey design– Highlighted logistical and emotional challenges of at-risk men in South Africa, drawing attention to friction points and barriers for confirmation via QS Quantitative surveys N=2,000 men aged 25–34 years; high school education or less 1-hour tablet-based surveys with random sample of men across 5 districts in KwaZulu-Natal and 3 districts in Mpumalanga Generated statistically significant data points for robust segmentation analysis Segmentation of men Cluster analysis via modeling, options evaluation, and profiling based on solutions Generated 5 distinct segments of men who gave new insights to seasoned implementers, informed problem statements and recruitment into co-creation process How might we? challenges n=32 workshop participants x 3 workshops 6 “How might we?” questions: A positive, actionable question that frames the challenge—a prompt used in co-creation workshops to focus participants on a specific topic and
generate ideas6 “How Might We?” focused brainstorming to solve very specific, granular issues facing 2 prioritized segments deemed most likely to produce the greatest impact across all 5 segments of men Generated ideas for strategies that would be responsive to the needs of 2 prioritized segments deemed most likely to produce the greatest impact across all 5 segments of men Role playing 3 professional actors 5 monologues informed by segmentation and performed by professional actors from high-risk communities for overseas-based team members and advisory group Significantly enhanced understanding of nuanced differences between 5 segments and helped inform the decision to focus prototyping on 2 specific segments of men Experience design 32 workshop participants x 3 workshops Focusing on the range of different health care access and service delivery touch points to reveal key gaps in quality service delivery that might otherwise fall through the cracks Bringing together men, HCW from clinics, and district DOH staff as equal partners to design, rethink assumptions, perceive impossibilities, and unlock new ideas Co-creation prototyping n=32 workshop participants × 3 workshops; participants consisted of men from 2 segments (recruited using an Ipsos-generated typing tool), HCWs, and DOH staff Field testing storyboarded prototypes Co-designing a variety and range of tangible engagement actions with users and implementers via storyboarding, which are believed to solve a specific “How might we?” challenge Produced 20 diverse prototype concepts which were refined to 15 simple-to-understand men’s engagement and service design proposals shared with men in communities and implementation partners for further evaluation Rapid prototype feedback and iteration 15 visualizations of new service designs and engagement initiatives were shared with a random sample of men across the project recruitment communities Informed iterative design alterations to several of the prototypes, including changing the name of the coaches to Coach Mpilo Prototype evaluation/
prioritizationPrioritization ranking analysis based on 4 criteria: feasible/viable/desirable/speed to results 4 prototypes emerged as pilot finalists; Coach Mpilo selected as the first fielded pilot Abbreviations: AG, advisory group; DOH, Department of Health; HCD, human-centered design; IDI, in-depth interviews.
Rapid response Coaches can be recruited in any community, trained in 4 days, and immediately deployed. Low cost Coaches are paid a modest salary and a transport/data stipend, and otherwise require minimal infrastructure or support. Relieving pressure on clinic staff Clinic staff can refer challenging cases to a coach. Stigma reduction Stigma is reduced among family and community members by providing living proof that a man with HIV can thrive on treatment. Leveraging the power of peer outreach Peer-outreach programs have been used in key populations programs for many years. Putting men living with HIV at the forefront of the response “Nothing about us without us.”
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