Figures & Tables
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Background Characteristics of Children Aged 6–59 Months Surveyed on Undernutrition, Nepal
No. (%), N=3,169 Sex Male 1,768 (55.8) Female 1,401 (44.2) Child age, months 6–23 1,387 (43.7) 24–59 1,782 (56.2) Ecological zone Mountain 389 (12.3) Hill 1,790 (56.5) Terai 990 (31.2) Type of residence Urban 1,588 (50.1) Rural 1,581 (49.9) Caste/ethnicity Socially excluded 1,571 (49.6) Brahmin/Chhetri 1,247 (39.3) Others 351 (11.1) Equity quintile Lowest 681 (21.5) 2nd lowest 906 (28.6) Middle 745 (23.5) 2nd highest 638 (20.1) Highest 199 (6.3) Mother's education level Never attended school 693 (21.8) Some primary school 439 (13.8) Completed grade 5 243 (7.7) Some secondary education 1,051 (33.2) Completed secondary education 392 (12.4) Completed class 12 289 (9.1) Higher education 62 (1.9) Prevalence of food insecurity Food secure 2,135 (67.4) Mildly food insecure 497 (15.7) Moderately food insecure 465 (14.7) Severely food insecure 71 (2.2) WHZ SAM (<−3 SD) 65 (2.1) MAM <−2 SD to ≥−3 SD) 269 (8.5) Normal (>−2 SD) 2,835 (89.4) MUAC SAM (<115 mm) 12 (0.4) MAM (≥115 mm to <125 mm) 87 (2.7) Normal (>125 mm) 3070 (96.9) Stunting Stunted 888 (28) Not stunted (Normal) 2,279 (72) Abbreviations: MAM, moderate acute malnutrition; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; SAM, severe acute malnutrition; SD, standard deviation; WHZ, weight-for-height/length z-score.
- TABLE 2.
Area Under ROC Curve and Kappa Value to Compare MUAC and WHZ Cutoffs for Children Aged 6–59 Months, Nepal
SAM (<115 mm) MAM (≥115 to <125 mm) Area Under ROC Kappa, % Area Under ROC Kappa, % Overall 0.53 9 0.56 17 Sex Male 0.51 4 0.52 11 Female 0.56 16 0.62 24 Child age, months 6–23 0.61 12 0.61 25 24–59 0.51 6 0.53 7 Stunting Stunted 0.51 10 0.56 16 Not stunted 0.54 10 0.56 16 Abbreviations: MAM, moderate acute malnutrition; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; ROC, receiver operating characteristic curve; SAM, severe acute malnutrition; WHZ, weight-for-height/length z-score.
- TABLE 3.
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Youden Index at Various Cutoffs of MUAC for SAM in Children Aged 6–59 Months, Nepal
MUAC, mm Sensitivity, % Specificity, % Youden Index, % 105 4.0 100 4.0 106 4.1 100 4.1 107 4.8 100 4.8 108 5.1 100 5.1 109 5.4 100 5.4 110 6.9 100 6.9 111 7.6 100 7.6 112 9.1 100 9.1 113 11.2 100 11.2 114 12.8 99.8 12.6 115 13.6 99.7 13.3 116 14.3 99.0 13.3 117 18.9 99.1 18.0 118 21.6 98.7 20.3 119 24.3 98.5 22.8 120 28.9 98.3 27.2 121 34.5 98.1 32.6 122 35.9 98.0 33.9 123 43.6 96.6 40.2 124 46.8 96.4 43.2 125 53.7 96.2 49.9 126 59.0 87.2 46.2 127 66.0 73.0 39.0 128 69.0 56.3 35.3 129 72.0 46.1 31.8 130 90.1 41.0 31.1 131 93.0 37.5 30.5 132 93.5 33.3 26.8 133 93.1 31.5 24.6 134 93.2 28.5 21.7 135 97.6 26.2 23.8 Abbreviations: MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; SAM, severe acute malnutrition.
- TABLE 4.
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Youden Index at Various Cutoffs of MUAC for MAM in Children Aged 6–59 Months, Nepal
MUAC, mm Sensitivity, % Specificity, % Youden Index, % 115 0.2 100 0.2 116 0.6 100 0.6 117 1.2 100 1.2 118 3.4 100 3.4 119 3.9 99.5 3.4 120 5.8 98.0 3.8 121 9.4 97.1 6.5 122 12.0 96.4 8.4 123 14.3 95.2 9.5 124 17.0 94.1 11.1 125 21.0 91.2 12.2 126 33.2 87.3 20.5 127 39.2 84.3 23.5 128 45.2 80.4 25.6 129 51.2 76.8 28.0 130 61.2 69.3 29.5 131 64.3 65.4 29.7 132 66.6 63.9 30.5 133 68.9 57.0 25.9 134 71.2 51.0 22.2 135 71.6 49.2 20.8 136 74.3 46.3 20.6 137 75.8 44.2 20.0 138 77.6 40.1 17.7 139 79.6 37.5 17.1 140 81.6 34.5 16.1 Abbreviations: MAM, moderate acute malnutrition; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.
