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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access

Health Sector Resource Mapping in Malawi: Sharing the Collection and Use of Budget Data for Evidence-Based Decision Making

Ian Yoon, Pakwanja Twea, Stephanie Heung, Sakshi Mohan, Nikhil Mandalia, Saadiya Razzaq, Leslie Berman, Eoghan Brady, Andrews Gunda and Gerald Manthalu
Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):793-803; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00232
Ian Yoon
aClinton Health Access Initiative, Malawi.
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  • For correspondence: iyoon{at}clintonhealthaccess.org
Pakwanja Twea
bMinistry of Health, Government of Malawi, Malawi.
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Stephanie Heung
aClinton Health Access Initiative, Malawi.
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Sakshi Mohan
bMinistry of Health, Government of Malawi, Malawi.
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Nikhil Mandalia
bMinistry of Health, Government of Malawi, Malawi.
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Saadiya Razzaq
aClinton Health Access Initiative, Malawi.
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Leslie Berman
aClinton Health Access Initiative, Malawi.
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Eoghan Brady
cClinton Health Access Initiative, South Africa.
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Andrews Gunda
aClinton Health Access Initiative, Malawi.
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Gerald Manthalu
bMinistry of Health, Government of Malawi, Malawi.
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Figures & Tables

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  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    Example Resource Mapping Process Schematic

    Abbreviations: MDAs, ministries, departments, and agencies; NGOs, nongovernmental organizations.

  • FIGURE 2
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    FIGURE 2

    Funding Availability and Budgets for Malawi's COVID-19 National Response Plan (2020)

    Abbreviations: HRH, human resources for health; M, million.

  • FIGURE 3
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    FIGURE 3

    Human Resource Contribution for Resource Mapping in Malawi by Round (2011–2020)

    Abbreviations: CHAI, Clinton Health Access Initiative; MOH, Ministry of Health.

Tables

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    TABLE 1.

    Gray Literature Documents on Resource Mapping in Malawi Included in Review

    Government Program DocumentsPartner Program DocumentsFunding RequestsResource Mapping DatabasesResource Mapping Data Collection Tools
    Number of documents5749366
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    TABLE 2.

    Summary of Data Collected During 6 Rounds of the Ministry of Health Resource Mapping Exercises in Malawi

    Round 1 2011–2012Round 2 2012–2013Round 3 2013–2014Round 4 2014–2015Round 5 2017–2018Round 6 2019–2020
    Submitting organizations33233229165235166
    Financing sources54219216176201185
    Implementing agents163290221262274226
    No. of years of data collected5(2011–2016)4(2012–2016)6(2012–2018)5(2014–2019)3(2017–2020)5(2015–2020)
    Total funds capturedUS$ 2.40 BillionUS$ 2.48 BillionUS$ 2.79 BillionUS$ 2.29 BillionUS$ 1.80 BillionUS$ 3.09 Billion
    Type of financial data collectedBudget onlyBudget onlyBudget and exp.Budget onlyBudget onlyBudget and exp.
    • View popup
    TABLE 3.

    Documents Compiled in Malawi Resource Mapping Toolkit to Support Institutionalization and Sustainability

    Data Collection PlanningDatabase Consolidation and CleaningAnalysis and Report WritingOther Documents
    Roadmap templateDatabase consolidation toolRM report templateRM - NHA parameter mapping
    Organization contact information databaseDatabase consolidation SOPRM analysis templates
    Submission trackerDatabase standardization SOP
    Submission management protocolRemoval of double-counting SOP
    Data entry training materials
    • Abbreviations: NHA, national health account; SOP, standard operating procedures.

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    TABLE 4.

    Data Parameters and Classification Used in 6 Rounds of Government of Malawi Resource Mapping

    TypeData ElementDefinition of Data ElementIllustrative ExampleCorresponding NHA Dimension
    1. Financiers and ImplementersSubmitting organizationOrganization that submitted budgeting informationAction AidN/A
    Financing sourceThe organization or entity financing the activityGlobal FundHealth providers, health care financing schemes, revenues of health care financing schemes
    Primary implementing agentPrimary organization or entity that is carrying out implementationAction Aid
    Subimplementing agentAdditional organization or entity carrying out the activity as a subgrantee of the primary implementing agent, if applicableSouthern African AIDS Trust
    2. Programs, Projects, ActivitiesProject nameSpecific project that is supported by the activityTB/HIV epidemic controlN/A
    ActivityFree-form text to describe the specific activity within the interventionComprehensive programs for people in prisonsN/A
    Programmatic functionProgrammatic area, function, or disease supported by the activityHIV including viral hepatitis and other sexually transmitted infectionsHealth care function, disease classification
    Programmatic intervention level 1General intervention supported by the activity, dependent on the programmatic functionPrevention
    Programmatic intervention level 2Detailed intervention supported by the activity, dependent on the programmatic intervention level 1Behavior change communication for HIV
    Essential Health Package interventionAlignment to Malawi's Essential Health Package interventionsCommunity health promotion and engagementN/A
    Target populationSubpopulation targeted for HIV, TB, and malaria interventions onlyPeople in prisons and other closed settingsBeneficiary characteristics
    3. HSSP II AlignmentHSSP II objectiveClassification of activities according to the relevant HSSP II objectivesHuman resources for healthFactors of provision
    HSSP II sub-areaClassification of activities according to the relevant HSSP II sub-areas, dependent on the selection for HSSP II objectiveHealth worker training, in-service
    4. GeographyDistrictPercentage of funding earmarked for specific district(s); if central level, can be specified as 100% central level50% Mwanza, 50% ThyoloN/A
    5. In-Service Training DetailsType of trainingModality of the training, (e.g., on the job, offsite, or virtually/online)OffsiteN/A
    Health worker cadreThe health worker cadre that the training focused on (e.g., pharmacy, nursing, laboratory, etc.)NursingN/A
    Health worker cadreThe specific health worker cadre targeted by the training, dependent on the selection for health worker cadreNurse officerN/A
    Number of health workers targetedTotal number of health workers trained from July 2019–June 202050N/A
    Activity frequencyFrequency of the trainings (i.e., annually, biannually, quarterly, monthly, or other)QuarterlyN/A
    Monthly implementation planTentative implementation timeline for the training, disaggregated by month, from July 2019–June 2020Implemented from March–May 2020N/A
    6. Currency and BudgetingCurrencyCurrency of the submitting organization's budgetUS$Expenditure information
    Fiscal year start monthFiscal year start month of the submitting organizationJuly
    Expenditures by yearExpenditure amount per year for FY 2015/2016, FY 2016/2017, and FY 2017/2018US$100,000 annually
    Budgets by yearBudget amount per year for FY 2018/2019 and FY 2019/2020US$150,000 annuallyN/A
    • Abbreviations: FY, fiscal year; HSSP, Health Sector Strategic Plan; N/A, not applicable; NHA, national health accounts.

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Global Health: Science and Practice: 9 (4)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 9, No. 4
December 31, 2021
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Health Sector Resource Mapping in Malawi: Sharing the Collection and Use of Budget Data for Evidence-Based Decision Making
Ian Yoon, Pakwanja Twea, Stephanie Heung, Sakshi Mohan, Nikhil Mandalia, Saadiya Razzaq, Leslie Berman, Eoghan Brady, Andrews Gunda, Gerald Manthalu
Global Health: Science and Practice Dec 2021, 9 (4) 793-803; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00232

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Health Sector Resource Mapping in Malawi: Sharing the Collection and Use of Budget Data for Evidence-Based Decision Making
Ian Yoon, Pakwanja Twea, Stephanie Heung, Sakshi Mohan, Nikhil Mandalia, Saadiya Razzaq, Leslie Berman, Eoghan Brady, Andrews Gunda, Gerald Manthalu
Global Health: Science and Practice Dec 2021, 9 (4) 793-803; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00232
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    • ABSTRACT
    • INTRODUCTION
    • METHODS
    • RESOURCE MAPPING: PROCESS AND DATA
    • USES OF RESOURCE MAPPING DATA IN DECISION MAKING
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSION
    • Funding
    • Author contributions
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