Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE 1
Coverage of Newborn Postnatal Care Expressed as the Proportion of Newborns Receiving Postnatal Checks or Specific Provider-Initiated Newborn Care Interventions Among All Newborns Born in the Sample, by Country
- FIGURE 2
Coverage Cascade for All Newborns Shown as the Proportion With Any Newborn Postnatal Contact (Postnatal Check or Any Specific Intervention) and the Proportion With Each Level of Co-coverage Index Score
- FIGURE 3
Intervention-Specific Coverage and Quality-Coverage Gaps Among Women Reporting Any Newborn Postnatal Contact (Postnatal Check or Any Specific Intervention) as Percentage Reporting Each Newborn Care Intervention
- FIGURE 4
Full Content Quality-Coverage Gap Among Women Reporting Any Newborn Postnatal Contact (Postnatal Check or Any Specific Intervention), Mean Co-coverage of 5 Interventions (Counseling on Breastfeeding, Observing Breastfeeding, Examining Umbilical Cord, Measuring Temperature, and Counseling on Danger Signs)
- FIGURE 5
Coverage of Newborn Postnatal Checks and Umbilical Cord Checks, Gaps in Coverage and Quality, and Internal Inconsistencies in Survey Responses
- FIGURE 6
Agreement Between Newborn Care Interventions Expressed as the Number of Cases in Which Newborns Either Received Both Interventions or Received Neither Intervention, Divided by Total Number of Newborns
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Postnatal Care Intervention Survey Questions, Postnatal Care Interventions, and Question Wording From the DHS-7 Core Questionnaire17
Intervention Question A Postnatal check For facility births, women are asked about a newborn postnatal check while they were still in the facility. Later, they are asked separately about a newborn postnatal check after they left the facility. A postnatal check is counted if they report a check in the facility or after. 438. Now I would like to talk to you about checks on (NAME)'s health after delivery—for example, someone examining (NAME), checking the cord, or seeing if (NAME) is OK. Did anyone check on (NAME)'s health while you were still in the facility? 445. I would like to talk to you about checks on (NAME)'s health after you left (FACILITY IN 430). Did any health care provider or a traditional birth attendant check on (NAME)'s health in the two months after you left (FACILITY IN 430)? For non-facility births, women are asked about a newborn postnatal check more generally. 453. I would like to talk to you about checks on (NAME)'s health after delivery—for example, someone examining (NAME), checking the cord, or seeing if (NAME) is OK. In the two months after (NAME) was born, did any health care provider or a traditional birth attendant check on (NAME)'s health? B1 Umbilical cord check 457 a) During the first two days after (NAME)'s birth, did any health care provider do the following: Examine the cord? B2 Temperature measurement 457 b) During the first two days after (NAME)'s birth, did any health care provider do the following: Measure (NAME)'s temperature? B3 Danger sign counseling 457 c) During the first two days after (NAME)'s birth, did any health care provider do the following: Counsel you on danger signs for newborns? B4 Breastfeeding counseling 457 d) During the first two days after (NAME)'s birth, did any health care provider do the following: Counsel you on breastfeeding? B5 Breastfeeding observation 457 e) During the first two days after (NAME)'s birth, did any health care provider do the following: Observe (NAME) breastfeeding? Abbreviation: DHS, Demographic and Health Survey.
- TABLE 2.
Included Countries, Survey Year, and Sample From Demographic and Health Surveys on Postnatal Checks and Newborn Care Interventions
Country Survey Year Number of Women Intervieweda,b Number of Last (Most Recent) Births in the 2 Years Before the Surveya Benin 2017–2018 15,928 5,390 Burundi 2016–2017 17,269 5,358 Cameroon 2018 13,527 3,843 Ethiopia 2016 15,683 4,221 Guinea 2018 10,874 2,948 Malawi 2015–2016 24,562 6,567 Mali 2018 10,519 4,075 Nepal 2016 12,862 1,958 Nigeria 2018 41,821 12,616 Pakistan 2017–2018 12,264 3,855 Senegal 2017 16,787 4,401 Tanzania 2015–2016 13,266 4,091 Uganda 2016 18,506 5,781 Zambia 2018 13,683 3,845 Zimbabwe 2015 9,955 2,417 Total 247,506 71,366 - TABLE 3.
Two-Way Table Showing Plausible and Internally Inconsistent Survey Response Possibilities for Postnatal Check and Umbilical Cord Check
Umbilical Cord Check Yes No Postnatal check Yes Plausible (coverage) Plausible (quality-coverage gap) No Internal inconsistency Plausible (coverage gap) - TABLE 4.
Co-coverage of Provider-Initiated Newborn Care Interventionsa in 15 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Country Co-coverage (Number of Interventions), % Mean (SD) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Benin 39.2 6.7 10.5 8.1 9.3 26.3 2.2 (2.10) Burundi 89.3 3.8 2 1.4 1.2 2.2 0.3 (0.96) Cameroon 37.9 5.8 8.4 9.5 10.2 28.3 2.3 (2.12) Ethiopia 63.6 10.8 10.5 6.1 4.3 4.7 0.9 (1.46) Guinea 50.6 5.2 5.5 6.2 8.8 23.7 1.9 (2.15) Malawi 12.5 5 8.6 12.3 17.6 43.9 3.5 (1.76) Mali 53 9.6 7.9 6.1 7.1 16.3 1.5 (1.95) Nepal 40.1 5.1 8.2 8.5 11.9 26.2 2.3 (2.12) Nigeria 72.6 3.8 4 3.1 3.6 12.9 1 (1.81) Pakistan 29.9 13.4 15.4 13.8 14 13.6 2.1 (1.80) Senegal 27.1 4 16.8 14.4 14.5 23.2 2.5 (1.91) Tanzania 50.3 9.9 9.1 8.6 9.2 12.8 1.5 (1.88) Uganda 49.6 8.6 8.2 7.7 7.7 18.2 1.7 (2.00) Zambia 32.6 3.5 5.2 5.6 8.9 44.2 2.9 (2.23) Zimbabwe 14.7 2.9 5.7 9.6 17.3 49.8 3.6 (1.81) Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
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- Article
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODS
- AIM 1: DESCRIBE COVERAGE OF NEWBORN POSTNATAL CARE AND NEWBORN CARE INTERVENTIONS AND GAPS IN QUALITY
- AIM 2: DESCRIBE INTERNAL CONSISTENCY IN REPORTING POSTNATAL CHECKS AND SPECIFIC NEWBORN CARE INTERVENTIONS
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- Acknowledgments
- Author contributions
- Competing interests
- Notes
- REFERENCES
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