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Global Health: Science and Practice

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Table of Contents

December 2021 | Volume 9 | Number 4

EDITORIALS

  • Open Access
    A Call to Action: Reinvigorating Interest and Investments in Health Infrastructure
    Lindsay M. Mallick and Joshua Amo-Adjei
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):711-715; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00674

    Infrastructure investments can contribute substantially to alleviating burdens of morbidity and mortality while also providing a positive return on investment in the long term.

COMMENTARIES

  • Open Access
    Motivation and Performance of Community Health Workers: Nothing New Under the Sun, and Yet…
    Eric Sarriot, Tom Davis, Melanie Morrow, Telesphore Kabore and Henry Perry
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):716-724; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00627

    We know that both financial and nonfinancial incentives matter if we want community health workers (CHWs) who are motivated and performing. What are the practical implications for CHWs themselves and for effective management of viable CHW programs?

  • Open Access
    COVID-19 Partners Platform—Accelerating Response by Coordinating Plans, Needs, and Contributions During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 Vaccines Use Case
    Angela K. Shen, M. Anne Yu, Ann Lindstrand, Sanjiv M. Baxi, Océane Jousset, Katherine O'Brien and Lucy Boulanger
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):725-732; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00460

    The World Health Organization COVID-19 Partners Platform represents the first step towards a new model of health crisis information sharing across stakeholders and could evolve into an engagement mechanism of choice for future cross-border public health emergencies.

VIEWPOINTS

  • Open Access
    Equitable Open Access Publishing: Changing the Financial Power Dynamics in Academia
    Dominique Vervoort, Xiya Ma and Hloni Bookholane
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):733-736; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00145

    The growth in open access publishing in academia benefits readership but disproportionally hinders unfunded or lesser-funded researchers. Few journals create comprehensive means to bridge these inequities, calling for a shift in academic publishing practices.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

  • Open Access
    Household Survey Measurement of Newborn Postnatal Care: Coverage, Quality Gaps, and Internal Inconsistencies in Responses
    Kimberly Peven, Louise Tina Day, Debra Bick, Edward Purssell, Cath Taylor, Joseph Akuze and Lindsay Mallick
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):737-751; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00209

    Reliable measurement of postnatal content of care is currently lacking despite the critical importance of care in this vulnerable period. We found that there is a large quality-coverage gap with missed opportunities for quality care as well as internal inconsistencies in responses to newborn questions.

  • Open Access
    Projecting the Impact of Nutrition Policy to Improve Child Stunting: A Case Study in Guatemala Using the Lives Saved Tool
    Scott Tschida, Ana Cordon, Gabriela Asturias, Mónica Mazariegos, María F. Kroker-Lobos, Bianca Jackson, Peter Rohloff and David Flood
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):752-764; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00585

    We projected the impact of a Scaling Up Nutrition intervention policy, the Great Crusade, and found that increasing intervention coverage is unlikely to improve child stunting outcomes in Guatemala to meet Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

  • Open Access
    Beyond Institutionalization: Planning for Sustained Investments in Training, Supervision, and Support of Community Health Worker Programs in Bangladesh
    Shongkour Roy, Shivani Pandya, Md. Irfan Hossain, Timothy Abuya, Charlotte E. Warren, Paloma Mitra, Ubaidur Rob, Sharif Hossain and Smisha Agarwal
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):765-776; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00156

    Institutionalizing community health workers (CHWs) is insufficient for improving program quality. Governments must plan for sustained investments for salaries and benefits, as well as systems enabling adaptive management of the CHW cadres. Greater coordination is needed at the global level to pool and align donor investments to support the ecosystem underlying CHW programs.

  • Open Access
    Impact of Solar Light and Electricity on the Quality and Timeliness of Maternity Care: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Trial in Uganda
    Slawa Rokicki, Brian Mwesigwa, Peter Waiswa and Jessica Cohen
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):777-792; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00205

    Lack of access to reliable energy is a major neglected health system challenge to maternal and child health. We found that installing a solar energy system intervention in rural Ugandan maternity facilities led to modest increases in the quality of maternity care and reductions in delays in care.

  • Open Access
    Health Sector Resource Mapping in Malawi: Sharing the Collection and Use of Budget Data for Evidence-Based Decision Making
    Ian Yoon, Pakwanja Twea, Stephanie Heung, Sakshi Mohan, Nikhil Mandalia, Saadiya Razzaq, Leslie Berman, Eoghan Brady, Andrews Gunda and Gerald Manthalu
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):793-803; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00232

    By tracking budgets for health through its annual resource mapping exercise, the Government of Malawi generated evidence for planning and budgeting, quantifying resource needs, mobilizing funds to fill financial gaps, and coordinating investments across stakeholders with different priorities toward common goals. The exercise was adapted to conduct COVID-19 resource mapping to inform planning and coordination of the national pandemic response.

  • Open Access
    Evaluation of 2 Intervention Models to Integrate Family Planning Into Worker Health and Livelihood Programs in Egypt: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
    Nahla Abdel Tawab, Elizabeth Tobey, Maryam Essam, Sara Chace Dwyer and Aparna Jain
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):804-817; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00124

    Integrating family planning and reproductive health messages into worker health programs and livelihood programs may offer a unique approach for raising young people's awareness of family planning and reproductive health.

  • Open Access
    Participation in a Community-Based Women's Health Education Program and At-Risk Child Development in Rural Kenya: Developmental Screening Questionnaire Results Analysis
    Megan S. McHenry, Lauren Y. Maldonado, Ziyi Yang, Gertrude Anusu, Evelyn Kaluhi, Astrid Christoffersen-Deb, Julia J. Songok and Laura J. Ruhl
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):818-831; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00349

    A community-based intervention focused on women's health education may help protect against early childhood developmental delays in resource-limited settings.

  • Open Access
    Uptake of Encapsulated Ferrous Fumarate Double Fortified Salt in the Public Distribution System in India: A Value Chain Analysis
    Meena Haribhau Jadhav and Marthi Gurunath Venkatesh Mannar
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):832-845; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00448

    Initiating and sustaining large-scale encapsulated ferrous fumarate double fortified salt interventions in the public distribution system in India poses several challenges that can be minimized by strengthening double fortified salt value chains.

  • Open Access
    Using a Pharmacy-Based Surveillance System to Improve Standards for TB Care in Kerala, India
    Rakesh PS, Shibu Balakrishnan, Rakesh Ramachandran, Smitha Nandhan, Nidhish Issac Samuel, Pramodkumar PP and Suja Aloysius
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):846-854; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00346

    A pharmacy-based surveillance system in Kerala, India, has helped to improve TB patient notifications from the private sector, build better public-private partnerships, and improve the quality of TB diagnosis. Pharmacy-based surveillance has the potential to strengthen TB surveillance and facilitate standards of TB care.

  • Open Access
    Enhancing Performance and Sustainability of Community Health Worker Programs in Uganda: Lessons and Experiences From Stakeholders
    David Musoke, Edwinah Atusingwize, Rawlance Ndejjo, Charles Ssemugabo, Penelope Siebert and Linda Gibson
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):855-868; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00260

    We conducted a 1-day workshop—a unique opportunity to engage stakeholders at all levels of community health worker (CHW) program involvement—to discuss learned experiences and strategies to enhance and sustain the CHW program in Uganda.

  • Open Access
    Can We Use Routine Data for Strategic Decision Making? A Time Trend Comparison Between Survey and Routine Data in Mali
    Talata Sawadogo-Lewis, Youssouf Keita, Emily Wilson, Souleymane Sawadogo, Ibrahim Téréra, Hamadoun Sangho and Melinda Munos
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):869-880; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00281

    Routine data, which is available more regularly than the "gold standard" survey data, can be used to inform programmatic decisions in Mali at the national level. However, caution must be used if using data at a subnational level.

  • Open Access
    Accuracy of Using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference to Detect Wasting Among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Nepal
    Krishna Prasad Lamsal, Kedar Raj Parajuli, Bhim Kumari Pun, Ramesh Prasad Adhikari, Manoj Bashyal, Baburaja Dangol and Kenda Cunningham
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):881-889; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00450

    When comparing the sensitivity and specificity of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) versus weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) to identify wasting in children aged 6–59 months in Nepal, our findings suggest that only using MUAC compared to WHZ to screen may exclude a large number of children who could be at risk of severe or moderate acute malnutrition.

  • Open Access
    Effects of Pharmacist Intervention on Community Control of Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Zunyi, China
    Ying Li, Guoqin Liu, Chaojie Liu, Xianhong Wang, Yalin Chu, Xiaoqin Li, Wenhao Yang, Yewei Shen, Fang Wu and Wenzhi Zhang
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):890-904; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00505

    There has been growing interest in the role of pharmacists in managing chronic conditions. We tested the effects of a pharmacist intervention on community control of hypertension. Findings showed significant short-term improvement in patient knowledge, medication adherence, and lowered blood pressure.

  • Open Access
    The Development and Inclusion of Questions on Surgery in the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey
    Sabrina Juran, Sanna Moren, Vatshalan Santhirapala, Lina Roa, Emmanuel Makasa, Justine Davies, Jose Miguel Guzman, Lars Hagander, Hampus Holmer, Mark G. Shrime, Thomas G. Weiser, John G. Meara, Stefanie J. Klug and David Ljungman
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):905-914; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00619

    Data from household surveys serve as the backbone to sustainable development planning. For the first time, questions on surgery have been included in a nationwide Demographic and Health Survey, showing that it is feasible to integrate these questions into a large-scale survey.

  • Open Access
    From Insecurity to Health Service Delivery: Pathways and System Response Strategies in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Chiara Altare, Vito Castelgrande, Maphie Tosha, Espoir Bwenge Malembaka and Paul Spiegel
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):915-927; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00107

    We identify the mediating factors through which insecurity affects both health service quality and delivery and investigate the strategies adopted to sustain service provision in the provinces of North and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

  • Open Access
    Nutrition Capacity Building to Meet National Priorities: Lessons Learned in Developing and Implementing Malawi's First Dietetics Program
    Sanele Nkomani, Lynne M. Ausman, Elizabeth Marino-Costello, Bernadette Chimera, Alexander Kalimbira, Agnes Mwangwela, Molly Uebele-Harrigan, John Phuka and Shibani Ghosh
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):928-935; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00687

    We describe the lessons learned in building nutrition capacity through the development and implementation of the first dietetics training program in Malawi.

PROGRAM CASE STUDIES

  • Open Access
    Results-Based Financing for Health: A Case Study of Knowledge and Perceptions Among Stakeholders in a Donor-Funded Program in Zambia
    Rachel Bergman, Birger C. Forsberg and Jesper Sundewall
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):936-947; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00463

    The lack of a fully developed results-based financing model before implementation of a program in the health sector begins can lead to difficulty in communicating about the program to different actors involved and delay components of implementation.

REVIEWS

  • Open Access
    Leveraging the Client-Provider Interaction to Address Contraceptive Discontinuation: A Scoping Review of the Evidence That Links Them
    Kendal Danna, Alexandra Angel, Jamee Kuznicki, Laetitia Lemoine, Klaira Lerma and Amanda Kalamar
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):948-963; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00235

    After examining existing evidence on contraceptive counseling and its impact on discontinuation, this scoping review identifies principles and priorities for better rights-based counseling, yet also illuminates the need for more evidence to understand relationships between counseling and discontinuation.

  • Open Access
    Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Strengthen TB Infection Control: A Rapid Review
    Helena J. Chapman and Bienvenido A. Veras-Estévez
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):964-977; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00368

    In light of competing health priorities of COVID-19 and TB, we propose recommendations to strengthen health system preparedness for optimal TB control across low- and middle-income countries during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

FIELD ACTION REPORTS

  • Open Access
    How Home Delivery of Antiretroviral Drugs Ensured Uninterrupted HIV Treatment During COVID-19: Experiences From Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, and Nigeria
    Theresa Hoke, Moses Bateganya, Otoyo Toyo, Caroline Francis, Bhagawan Shrestha, Phayvieng Philakone, Satish Raj Pandey, Navindra Persaud, Michael M. Cassell, Rose Wilcher and Hally Mahler
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):978-989; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00168

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, home delivery of antiretrovirals for HIV treatment proved to be a feasible approach for ensuring treatment continuation amid facility closures and travel restrictions. Antiretroviral home delivery is a model warranting further consideration as an additional option for decentralized drug delivery for HIV treatment.

  • Open Access
    Development of an Innovative Digital Data Collection System for Routine Mental Health Care Delivery in Rural Haiti
    Alexandra L. Rose, Darius L. Fenelon, J. Reginald Fils-Aimé, Wilder Dubuisson, Sarah F.C. Singer, Stephanie L. Smith, Gregory Jerome, Eddy Eustache and Giuseppe Raviola
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):990-999; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00486

    Mental health information systems in low-resource settings are scarce worldwide. Data collection was accurate, yet sustainable staffing was a challenge when using task-shared clinical providers for data collection in health centers in rural Haiti. Integrating mental health data collection within existing data collection systems would help close this key gap.

SHORT REPORTS

  • Open Access
    Health System Redesign to Shift to Hospital Delivery for Maternal and Newborn Survival: Feasibility Assessment in Kakamega County, Kenya
    Kojo Nimako, Anna Gage, Caroline Benski, Sanam Roder-DeWan, Khatra Ali, Charles Kandie, Aisha Mohamed, Hellen Odeny, Micky Oloo, John Tolo Boston Otieno, Maximilla Wanzala, Rachel Okumu and Margaret E. Kruk
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):1000-1010; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00684

    Service delivery redesign is needed to accelerate progress toward improved health outcomes. Kakamega County, Kenya, demonstrates that there is a strong base of health system assets that would serve as a starting point to successfully implement maternal and newborn health service delivery redesign.

TECHNICAL NOTES

  • Open Access
    Mid-Upper Arm Circumference Tapes and Measurement Discrepancies: Time to Standardize Product Specifications and Reporting
    Ritu Rana, Hatty Barthorp, Marie McGrath, Marko Kerac and Mark Myatt
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2021, 9(4):1011-1014; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00273

    Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a widely used anthropometric measure to identify children with acute malnutrition. The use of different tapes of varied materials and thicknesses to measure MUAC has led to discrepancies. This indicates the need for global standardization of MUAC tape design.

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In this issue

Global Health: Science and Practice: 9 (4)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 9, No. 4
December 31, 2021
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Issue highlights

  • COVID-19 Partners Platform—Accelerating Response by Coordinating Plans, Needs, and Contributions During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 Vaccines Use Case
  • Impact of Solar Light and Electricity on the Quality and Timeliness of Maternity Care: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Trial in Uganda
  • Nutrition Capacity Building to Meet National Priorities: Lessons Learned in Developing and Implementing Malawi's First Dietetics Program
  • Mid-Upper Arm Circumference Tapes and Measurement Discrepancies: Time to Standardize Product Specifications and Reporting
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Implementation of Maternal and Newborn Health Mobile Phone E-Cohorts to Track Longitudinal Care Quality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Documenting Community Health Worker Compensation Schemes and Their Perceived Effectiveness in Seven sub-Saharan African Countries: A Qualitative Study
Interventions to Address the Health and Well-Being of Married Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Using Vignettes to Gain Insights Into Social Norms Related to Voluntary Family Planning and Gender-Based Violence in South Sudan
Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs

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