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Global Health: Science and Practice

Dedicated to what works in global health programs

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Table of Contents

December 2020 | Volume 8 | Number 4

EDITORIALS

  • Open Access
    Learning From Neighbors
    Stephen Hodgins
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):613; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00639

    We can learn valuable lessons from program efforts that at first glance may seem to be far removed from our own work.

COMMENTARIES

  • Open Access
    Go Where the Virus Is: An HIV Micro-epidemic Control Approach to Stop HIV Transmission
    Michael M. Cassell, Rose Wilcher, Reshmie A. Ramautarsing, Nittaya Phanuphak and Timothy D. Mastro
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):614-625; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00418

    Essentially all HIV transmission is from people living with HIV who are not virally suppressed. An HIV micro-epidemic control approach that differentiates treatment support and prevention services for people living with HIV and their network members according to viral burden could optimize the impact of epidemic control efforts.

  • Open Access
    Capturing Acquired Wisdom, Enabling Healthful Aging, and Building Multinational Partnerships Through Senior Global Health Mentorship
    C. Norman Coleman, John E. Wong, Eugenia Wendling, Mary Gospodarowicz, Donna O’Brien, Taofeeq Abdallah Ige, Simeon Chinedu Aruah, David A. Pistenmaa, Ugo Amaldi, Onyi-Onyinye Balogun, Harmar D. Brereton, Silvia Formenti, Kristen Schroeder, Nelson Chao, Surbhi Grover, Stephen M. Hahn, James Metz, Lawrence Roth and Manjit Dosanjh
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):626-637; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00108

    The undeniable benefit of mentorship by experience senior mentors can meaningfully increase the breadth of their experience and contributions to society as well as address the dire inequality in global health. This model captures wisdom lost to retirement, enables opportunities for purposeful lifespan, underpins sustainable health care systems, and has the potential for building multinational partnerships.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

  • Open Access
    Prevention of COVID-19 in Internally Displaced Persons Camps in War-Torn North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Mixed-Methods Study
    Kasereka M. Claude, Muyisa Sahika Serge, Kahindo Kahatane Alexis and Michael T. Hawkes
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):638-653; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00272

    Internally displaced persons fleeing violent conflict represent a neglected population with heightened vulnerability to pandemic COVID-19. We provide a rare snapshot of the overwhelming challenges faced by internally displaced persons in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo as they brace for COVID-19.

  • Open Access
    Meeting the Global Target in Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Care Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Md. Mehedi Hasan, Ricardo J. Soares Magalhaes, Saifuddin Ahmed, Sayem Ahmed, Tuhin Biswas, Yaqoot Fatima, Md. Saimul Islam, Md. Shahadut Hossain and Abdullah A. Mamun
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):654-665; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00097

    What progress has been achieved toward reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health service related Sustainable Development Goals? Analyzing data to estimate coverage of these indicators, we observed that acceleration is needed in coordinated global efforts and government policies to ensure universal access to RMNCH care services by 2030.

  • Open Access
    Contraceptive Method Mix: Updates and Implications
    Jane T. Bertrand, John Ross, Tara M. Sullivan, Karen Hardee and James D. Shelton
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):666-679; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00229

    Trends in contraceptive method mix show that dominance of 1 method in the mix remains very common, though countries and regions throughout the world are diverse as to which method is dominant. Our analysis argues for continued concerted efforts of programs to increase contraceptive method choice.

  • Open Access
    Health Care Worker Preferences and Perspectives on Doses per Container for 2 Lyophilized Vaccines in Senegal, Vietnam, and Zambia
    Natasha Kanagat, Kirstin Krudwig, Karen A. Wilkins, Sydney Kaweme, Guissimon Phiri, Frances D. Mwansa, Mercy Mvundura, Joanie Robertson, Debra Kristensen, Abdoulaye Gueye, Sang D. Dao, Pham Q. Thai, Huyen T. Nguyen and Thang C. Tran
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):680-688; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00112

    When providing immunization services, health care workers balance the mandate of achieving high coverage with limiting vaccine wastage. Workers in 3 countries said that containers with fewer vaccine doses for measles and BCG would enable them to immunize all children who present, while reducing concerns about wasting vaccine.

  • Open Access
    Remote Mentorship Using Video Conferencing as an Effective Tool to Strengthen Laboratory Quality Management in Clinical Laboratories: Lessons From Cambodia
    Grant Donovan, Siew Kim Ong, Sophanna Song, Nayah Ndefru, Chhayheng Leang, Sophat Sek, Patricia Sadate-Ngatchou and Lucy A. Perrone
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):689-698; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00128

    This program to strengthen laboratory quality management systems in Cambodia demonstrated significant improvements in conformity to ISO 15189 standards in participating laboratories, correlating with laboratory participation time in video conference training activities led by quality improvement mentors over the program implementation period.

  • Open Access
    Using Community Health Workers and a Smartphone Application to Improve Diabetes Control in Rural Guatemala
    Sean Duffy, Derek Norton, Mark Kelly, Alejandro Chavez, Rafael Tun, Mariana Niño de Guzmán Ramírez, Guanhua Chen, Paul Wise and Jim Svenson
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):699-720; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00076

    A smartphone application providing algorithmic clinical decision support enabled community health workers to improve diabetes control for a group of patients in rural Guatemala. This approach enables task sharing with physicians and other advanced practitioners for chronic disease care, which is particularly important in low-resource settings.

  • Open Access
    Behavioral Insights Into Micronutrient Powder Use for Childhood Anemia in Arequipa, Peru
    Jessica D. Brewer, Julianna Shinnick, Karina Román, Maria P. Santos, Valerie A. Paz-Soldan and Alison M. Buttenheim
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):721-731; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00078

    Health care provider-caregiver interactions and caregivers’ shifting emotional states between intention formation and use affected their adherence to a government-provided micronutrient powder intervention to prevent childhood anemia. In counseling directed to caregivers, we suggest providers offer clear messaging on MNP impact and planning for challenges during MNP use.

  • Open Access
    A Cluster-Randomized Trial to Test Sharing Histories as a Training Method for Community Health Workers in Peru
    Laura C. Altobelli, José Cabrejos-Pita, Mary Penny and Stan Becker
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):732-758; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00332

    Women naturally communicate using life narratives. Through systematic recall and sharing memories of their own childbearing and child rearing experiences, community health workers (CHWs) become engaged and empowered to change their own and other mothers’ health behaviors. Training CHW with sharing histories can improve capabilities as change agents for better child health.

  • Open Access
    A Rapid Cost Modeling Tool for Evaluating and Improving Public Health Supply Chain Designs
    Michael Krautmann, Mariam Zameer, Dorothy Thomas, Nora Phillips-White, Ana Costache and Pascale R. Leroueil
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):759-770; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00227

    The Rapid Supply Chain Modeling Tool enables health system leaders to quickly estimate and compare the cost impact of potential supply chain design improvements in situations where time and budget do not allow for more in-depth modeling approaches.

  • Open Access
    Lessons Learned From Implementing Prospective, Multicountry Mixed-Methods Evaluations for Gavi and the Global Fund
    Emily Carnahan, Nikki Gurley, Gilbert Asiimwe, Baltazar Chilundo, Herbert C. Duber, Adama Faye, Carol Kamya, Godefroid Mpanya, Shakilah Nagasha, David Phillips, Nicole Salisbury, Jessica Shearer and Katharine Shelley for the Gavi Full Country Evaluations Consortium; and Global Fund Prospective Country Evaluation Consortium
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):771-782; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00126

    Lessons learned from implementing evaluations for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance and the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria can help inform the design and implementation of ongoing or future evaluations of complex interventions. We share 5 lessons distilled from over 7 years of experience implementing evaluations in 7 countries.

  • Open Access
    Effects of a Community-Based Program on Voluntary Modern Contraceptive Uptake Among Young First-Time Parents in Cross River State, Nigeria
    Gwendolyn Morgan, Anjala Kanesathasan and Akinsewa Akiode
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):783-798; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00111

    Among young first-time mothers, participation in a comprehensive, community-based program led to a 3-fold increase in voluntary modern contraceptive use and other positive changes. These results demonstrate the importance of investing in interventions for this youth population that ideally address a range of priorities across the first-time parent lifestage.

REVIEWS

  • Open Access
    Routine Family Planning Data in the Low- and Middle-Income Country Context: A Synthesis of Findings From 17 Small Research Grants
    Bridgit Adamou, Janine Barden-O’Fallon, Katie Williams and Amani Selim
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):799-812; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00122

    A review of 5 years of small grant-funded research highlighted overarching barriers to and opportunities for using family planning data in routine health information systems in low- and middle-income countries. We report on factors affecting data quality, analysis, and use, and suggest strategies to improve routine family planning data.

  • Open Access
    Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions for Improving Contraceptive Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
    Banyar Aung, Jason W. Mitchell and Kathryn L. Braun
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):813-826; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00069

    Do mHealth interventions help reduce unmet contraceptive needs in low- and middle-income countries by attempting to increase the uptake of modern contraceptive methods? Which mHealth features and behavior change communication components were used in these mHealth interventions? This review aimed to answer these questions and assess the impact of these interventions on contraceptive uptake outcomes.

METHODOLOGIES

  • Open Access
    A Practical Guide to Using Time-and-Motion Methods to Monitor Compliance With Hand Hygiene Guidelines: Experience From Tanzanian Labor Wards
    Giorgia Gon, Said M. Ali, Robert Aunger, Oona M. Campbell, Mícheál de Barra, Marijn de Bruin, Mohammed Juma, Stephen Nash, Amour Tajo, Johanna Westbrook, Susannah Woodd and Wendy J. Graham
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):827-837; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00221

    Understanding hand hygiene behaviors is critical in hospitals. We developed the HANDS at birth tool—and provide information on its design and implementation–to capture the complex patterns of health care workers’ hand hygiene including hand rubbing/washing, glove use, and recontamination.

FIELD ACTION REPORTS

  • Open Access
    Implementation of a Pediatric Early Warning Score to Improve Communication and Nursing Empowerment in a Rural District Hospital in Rwanda
    Shela Sridhar, Alexis Schmid, Francois Biziyaremye, Samantha Hodge, Ngamika Patient and Kim Wilson
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):838-845; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00075

    Implementation of the Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings tool improved nurses’ competency and confidence in their triage capabilities. This tool has the potential to improve patient outcomes. However, staff turnover and limited physician buy-in were barriers to sustainability of the tool in low-resource settings.

PROGRAM CASE STUDIES

  • Open Access
    Juntos: A Support Program for Families Impacted by Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil
    Antony Duttine, Tracey Smythe, Miriam Ribeiro Calheiros de Sa, Silvia Ferrite, Maria Elisabeth Moreira and Hannah Kuper
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):846-857; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00018

    Development of Juntos, a community-based family support program for caregivers of children with congenital Zika syndrome, contained innovative approaches such as using mothers as facilitators, fast-track learning, and de-isolation of families affected by Zika.

TECHNICAL NOTES

  • Open Access
    Improving Hospital Oxygen Systems for COVID-19 in Low-Resource Settings: Lessons From the Field
    Hamish R. Graham, Sheillah M. Bagayana, Ayobami A. Bakare, Bernard O. Olayo, Stefan S. Peterson, Trevor Duke and Adegoke G. Falade
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):858-862; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00224

    Hospitals in low- and middle-income countries urgently need to improve their oxygen systems for COVID-19 and other health emergencies. We share practical tips to improve pulse oximetry and oxygen use, support biomedical engineers to optimize existing oxygen supplies, and expand existing oxygen systems with robust equipment and smart design.

CORRECTIONS

  • Open Access
    Corrigendum: Parmaksiz K et al., What Makes a National Pharmaceutical Track and Trace Succeed? Lessons From Turkey
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2020, 8(4):863; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00587
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In this issue

Global Health: Science and Practice: 8 (4)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 8, No. 4
December 23, 2020
  • Table of Contents
  • About the Cover
  • Index by Author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)

Issue highlights

  • Go Where the Virus Is: An HIV Micro-epidemic Control Approach to Stop HIV Transmission
  • Contraceptive Method Mix: Updates and Implications
  • Behavioral Insights Into Micronutrient Powder Use for Childhood Anemia in Arequipa, Peru
  • A Rapid Cost Modeling Tool for Evaluating and Improving Public Health Supply Chain Designs
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  • EDITORIALS
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  • ORIGINAL ARTICLES
  • REVIEWS
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  • TECHNICAL NOTES
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  • Editor's Picks
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Uptake and Short-Term Retention in HIV Treatment Among Men in South Africa: The Coach Mpilo Pilot Project
What Distinguishes Women Who Choose to Self-Inject? A Prospective Cohort Study of Subcutaneous Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users in Ghana
COVID-19 Partners Platform—Accelerating Response by Coordinating Plans, Needs, and Contributions During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 Vaccines Use Case
Beyond Institutionalization: Planning for Sustained Investments in Training, Supervision, and Support of Community Health Worker Programs in Bangladesh
Global Research Priorities for Understanding and Improving Respectful Care for Newborns: A Modified Delphi Study
US AIDJohns Hopkins Center for Communication ProgramsUniversity of Alberta

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