Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE 1
Flow Diagram of Participant Enrollment and Follow-Up
Note: Women who were lost to follow-up are indicated in the flow chart at the time they were last contacted, while those who discontinued between 2 rounds are shown in the former round.
- FIGURE 2
Distribution of Method Information Index Scores, by Country
- FIGURE 3
Cumulative Probability of Modern Method Continuation Among Women in Need, by MII Score (Binary) and Country
Abbreviation: MII, Method Information Index.
- FIGURE 4
Cumulative Probability of Modern Method Continuation Among Women in Need, by MII Score (Ordinal) and Country
Abbreviation: MII, Method Information Index.
- FIGURE 5
Cumulative Probability of Modern Method Continuation Among Women in Need, by MII Score (Binary) and Method Type Used at Baseline, by Country
Abbreviations: LARC, long-acting reversible contraceptive; MII, Method Information Index; STM, short-term.
Note: Model presented for new users aged 35–49 years.
Tables
Pakistan (n=813) No. (%) Uganda (n=1185) No. (%) Age group, years 15–24 125 (15.4) 475 (40.1) 25–34 443 (54.5) 531 (44.8) 35–49 245 (30.1) 179 (15.1) No. of prior live births None 1 (0.1) 112 (9.5) 1 97 (11.9) 255 (21.5) 2–3 317 (39.0) 448 (37.8) 4–5 235 (28.9) 239 (20.2) 6 or more 163 (20.0) 131 (11.1) Highest completed education None (never went to school) 468 (57.6) 29 (2.4) Primary 145 (17.8) 401 (33.8) Secondary 151 (18.6) 595 (50.2) Beyond secondary 49 (6.0) 160 (13.5) Wealth quintile 1 (lowest) 54 (6.6) 21 (1.8) 2 126 (15.5) 46 (3.9) 3 210 (25.8) 43 (3.6) 4 228 (28.0) 180 (15.2) 5 (highest) 195 (24.0) 895 (75.5) User type First-time adopter 294 (36.2) 314 (26.5) Lapsed user 42 (5.2) 177 (14.9) Switcher 477 (58.7) 694 (58.6) Type of method adopted at baseline Intrauterine device 350 (43.1) 276 (23.3) Implant 0 (0.0) 431 (36.4) Injectable 199 (24.5) 335 (28.3) Pill 149 (18.3) 122 (10.3) Male condoma 115 (14.2) 21 (1.8) ↵a Also includes 1 female condom user and 1 emergency contraceptive user in Uganda.
- TABLE 2.
Risk of Modern Method Discontinuation While in Need, by Country, With MII as a Binary Variable
Pakistan (N=810) Uganda (N=1,054) Unadjusted HR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted HR (95% CI) P Value Unadjusted HR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted HR (95% CI) P Value MII Score MII<3 (ref.) – – – – MII=3 0.45 (0.28, 0.74) .001 0.52 (0.32, 0.85) .009 0.62 (0.35, 1.09) .097 0.64 (0.35, 1.19) .16 Type of Method Used at Baseline LARC (ref.) Short-acting method 1.75 (1.10, 2.80) .02 7.67 (3.76, 15.63) <.001 Age Group, years 35–49 (ref.) 15–24 1.43 (0.74, 2.75) .28 2.06 (0.69, 6.13) .19 25–34 1.56 (0.91, 2.68) .11 2.52 (1.04, 6.13) .04 Prior Contraceptive Use First-time adopter (ref.) Return user 0.73 (0.25, 2.12) .56 1.86 (0.73, 4.74) .19 Method switcher 0.63 (0.43, 0.91) .02 1.09 (0.50, 2.39) .83 Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LARC, long-acting reversible contraceptive; MII, Method Information Index.
- TABLE 3.
Risk of Modern Method Discontinuation While in Need, by Country, With MII as an Ordinal Variable
Pakistan (N=810) Uganda (N=1,054) Unadjusted HR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted HR (95% CI) P Value Unadjusted HR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted HR (95% CI) P Value MII Score 0 (ref.) 1 0.73 (0.29, 1.82) .50 0.73 (0.29, 1.84) .51 0.25 (0.09, 0.74) .01 0.32 (0.12, 0.83) .02 2 0.35 (0.14, 0.90) .03 0.48 (0.16, 1.42) .18 0.06 (0.02, 0.22) <.001 0.10 (0.03, 0.34) <.001 3 0.28 (0.11, 0.70) .007 0.35 (0.13, 0.95) .04 0.14 (0.07, 0.29) <.001 0.19 (0.08, 0.44) <.001 Type of Method Used at Baseline LARC (ref.) Short-acting method 1.53 (0.86, 2.71) .15 6.79 (3.41, 13.52) <.001 Age Group, years 35–49 (ref.) 15–24 1.40 (0.73, 2.70) .32 2.36 (0.78, 7.19) .13 25–34 1.54 (0.90, 2.64) .12 2.71 (1.05, 6.96) .04 Prior Contraceptive Use First-time adopter (ref.) Return user 0.75 (0.26, 2.21) .61 1.73 (0.64, 4.69) .28 Method switcher 0.65 (0.44, 0.96) .03 1.03 (0.47, 2.21) .95 Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LARC, long-acting reversible contraceptive; MII, Method Information Index.
- TABLE 4.
Risk of Modern Method Discontinuation While in Need, by MII Aspect (Question), by Country
MII Questions Pakistan Uganda Unadjusted HR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted HRa (95% CI) P Value Unadjusted HR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted HRa (95% CI) P Value Informed about other methods (ref.=no) 0.74 (0.45, 1.21) .23 0.89 (0.44, 1.82) .75 0.27 (0.14, 0.50) <.001 0.27 (0.13, 0.56) <.001 Informed about side effects (ref.=no) 0.36 (0.24, 0.54) <.001 0.58 (0.32, 1.07) .08 0.61 (0.33, 1.14) .12 1.74 (0.72, 4.22) .22 Informed of what to do if experienced side effects (ref.=no) 0.36 (0.24, 0.54) <.001 0.73 (0.41, 1.31) .29 0.3 (0.16, 0.55) <.001 0.45 (0.24, 0.85) .01 Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MII, Method Information Index.
↵a Adjusted for participants' age, prior contraceptive use, and short-acting baseline method use. All 3 MII questions are included in the adjusted model.
In this issue
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- Operationalizing Client-Centered Care: A Strategic Framework and Measurement Approach to Guide Sexual and Reproductive Health Programming
- Womens Preferences for and Experiences with Contraceptive Side Effect Counseling and Management: A Qualitative Study from Ethiopia and Kenya
- Social franchising in healthcare: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of implementation and outcomes
- Using the 5C Vaccine Hesitancy Framework to Elucidate and Measure Contraceptive Acceptability in sub-Saharan Africa
- Choices and Challenges: Visualizing Contraceptive Use Dynamics Data in 15 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- What contraceptive side effects are women told about during counseling? Evidence from PMA Ethiopia 2019 cross-sectional survey
- Evaluating Counseling for Choice in Malawi: A Client-Centered Approach to Contraceptive Counseling
- Evaluating Counseling for Choice in Malawi: A Client-Centered Approach to Contraceptive Counseling
- Evaluating Counseling for Choice in Malawi: A Client-Centered Approach to Contraceptive Counseling
- The Know-Do Gap: Understanding and Improving Service Quality Among Pharmacies Providing Injectable Contraceptives Through a Mystery Client Study in Nepal
- Leveraging the Client-Provider Interaction to Address Contraceptive Discontinuation: A Scoping Review of the Evidence That Links Them
- 'I havent heard much about other methods: quality of care and person-centredness in a programme to promote the postpartum intrauterine device in Tanzania
- Measuring Service Quality and Assessing Its Relationship to Contraceptive Discontinuation: A Prospective Cohort Study in Pakistan and Uganda
- Adding a Question About Method Switching to the Method Information Index Is a Better Predictor of Contraceptive Continuation
- The Extent to Which Performance-Based Financing Programs' Operations Manuals Reflect Rights-Based Principles: Implications for Family Planning Services