Figures & Tables
Figures
A simulated delivery scenario of a breathing baby was conducted in 1 hospital in Sichuan, China. © 2016 Tao Xu/National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Tables
Population Intrapartum Care Newborn Care All mothers and newborn infants The First Embrace Labor monitoring (partograph)
Immediate drying
Immediate skin-to-skin contact
Appropriately timed clamping and cutting of the cord
Exclusive breastfeeding
Routine care (eye care, vitamin K, immunizations, weighing, and examinations)
At-risk mothers and newborn infants Preterm and LBW infants Preterm labor
Elimination of unnecessary inductions and cesarean deliveriesAntenatal steroids
Antibiotics for preterm PROM
Kangaroo mother care
Breastfeeding support
Immediate treatment of suspected infection
Sick newborn infants Obstructed/prolonged labor
Fetal distressAssisted delivery
Cesarean delivery
Not breathing at birth Resuscitation
Suspected sepsis
Antibiotic treatment
Abbreviations: EENC, Early Essential Newborn Care; LBW, low birth weight; PROM, pre-labor rupture of membrane.
Province and Hospital No. of Deliveries in 2014 No. of Obstetricians No. of Pediatricians No. of Midwives Beijing Beijing MCH 17,250 68 15 65 Beijing University People's 2,343 16 17 12 Shaanxi Shaanxi Provincial MCH 13,338 111 81 55 Shangluo City MCH 1,845 18 12 9 Luonan County MCH 2,653 6 5 8 Sichuan Sichuan Provincial MCH 6,327 114 59 28 Liangshan City MCH 1,818 35 30 23 Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia Provincial MCH 8,522 33 16 28 Wuhai City MCH 6,064 25 18 3 Nanhai County 394 6 4 4 Abbreviation: MCH, maternal and child health.
- TABLE 3.
Number and Proportion of Hospitals With Delivery and Immediate Newborn Protocols and Practices Consistent With WHO Recommendations by Assessment Method, China, December 2015
Intervention Protocol Self-Report via Mail Survey (n=13) No. (%) Protocol Onsite Hospital Review (n=10) No. (%) Observed Delivery Practice (n=10) No. (%) Companion and position of choice for all deliveries 5 (39) 3 (30) 3 (30) Maternal and fetal monitoring during labor including use of the partograph 13 (100) 10 (100) 10 (100) Corticosteroids for women of 24 to 34 weeks' gestation who are at risk of preterm delivery 13 (100) 10 (100) 10 (100) Bag and mask resuscitation kit available for every delivery, positioned within 2 meters of delivery bed 11 (85) 6 (60) 4 (40) Drying started within 5 seconds after birth 7 (54) 4 (40) 2 (20) Dried the baby thoroughly (wiped the eyes, face, head, front, back, arms, and legs) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) No routine suctioning 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Delayed cord clamping performed 1 to 3 minutes after birth, after cord pulsations have stopped 4 (31) 3 (30) 0 (0) Clamp/tie placed at 2 cm, forceps at 5 cm from umbilical base 13 (100) 10 (100) 10 (100) No placing substances on the cord stump 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Skin-to-skin contact for a minimum of 90 minutes for newborns without complications 3 (23) 0 (0) 0 (0) Intramuscular oxytocin given to mother within 1 minute 13 (100) 10 (100) 10 (100) All routine newborn care (e.g., eye care, vitamin K, immunizations, and examinations) delayed until after a full breastfeeding 2 (15) 2 (20) 0 (0) First dose of hepatitis B vaccine given within 24 hours of birth 13 (100) 10 (100) 10 (100) Single dose of BCG vaccine given within 24 hours of birth 13 (100) 10 (100) 10 (100) No bathing of the newborn until at least 24 hours after delivery 13 (100) 10 (100) 10 (100) KMC for preterm babies weighing ≤2000 g at birth, including feeding with breast milk and monitoring for complications 3 (23) 1 (10) 0 (0) Abbreviations: BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guérin; KMC, kangaroo mother care.
