Figures & Tables
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Simple Economic Strengthening Tool Developed for Cross-Project Comparisons in Uganda
1. What is the MAIN source of household income? Options a) None b) Remittances, pension, gratuity, donations c) Casual laborer d) Informal job/employment e) Peasantry farming/hiring out labour on other farms/garden f) Petty business g) Formal business h) Commercial farming i) Formal job/ employment Score 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 2. What is the current monthly HH income? (express amount in Uganda Shillings, then score according to range) __________________________ Uganda Shillings Options a) Less than 50,000 b) 50,000 – 100,000 c) 100,000 –150,000 d) 150,000 – 200,000 e) Above 200,000 Score 3 2 2 2 0 3. How much money does the household have in savings? __________________________ Uganda Shillings Options a) Less than 30,000 b) 30,000 – 60,000 c) 60,000 –90,000 d) 90,000 –120,000 e) Above 120,000 Score 3 2 2 1 0 4. In how many of the last three months have you consistently been able to pay for the following items without having to sell HH productive assets like land, bicycle or borrowing at very high rates of interest (more than 30%)? Number of months (0–3) 1) Food, shelter, and water 2) Health care 3) Education Add total months (1 + 2+3)→ Options a) Total=9 b) Total=8 c) Total=7 d) Total=4–6 e) Total=0–3 Score 0 0 1 2 3 5. If you had an unexpected shock, like a death in the family, happen tomorrow, how would you handle the expenses? (tick all that apply) Options (Do not read the options below; wait for the response and then tick those that correspond.) Tick all that apply Circle highest score 1) Pay with cash on hand/savings 0 2) Seek contributions/gifts from friends, relatives, community members, church help, etc. 3 3) Request help from a charitable organization, CBO, NGO 3 4) Borrow from a friend or relative or savings group and pay back later 1 5) Look for another source of income near my home 1 6) Reduce household spending a little 1 7) Reduce household spending a lot 2 8) Sell small livestock, household goods or items used in the household 2 9) Migrate for work 2 10) Borrow from money lender at high interest 3 11) Sell bicycle, land, tools or other items that help produce income 3 12) Break up the household—send children to others to care for 3 13) Go without food 3 14) Engage in transactional sex or illegal activities 3 6. Over the past [12 months (baseline)/6 months (subsequent)], what has been the MAIN source of food consumed by your HH? Options a) Donated b) Given in return for work only c) Bought from the market d) Home grown Score 3 3 2 0 7. How many meals does the HH have in a day? Options a) Some days, no meal b) One meal c) 2 meals per day d) 3 or more meals per day Score 3 3 1 0 8. Do the following apply to this HH? Indicate (Yes/No) (observe for yourself where applicable) Yes No N/A 1) Does the HH have access to safe water within 30 minutes (half an hour) or harvest rain water for domestic use? 2) Does the HH have a clean compound? 3) Does the HH have access to a public health facility within 5 kilometers? 4) Does the HH have a drying rack for HH utensils? 5) Does the HH have a garbage pit or dust bin? 6) Does the HH have a separate house for animals? 7) Does the HH have clean water and soap for hand washing? 8) Do all HH members sleep under a mosquito net? Options a) If 4 or more are No b) If 3 are No c) If 2 are No d) If 1 is No e) If all are Yes or N/A Score 3 3 2 1 0 9. Does the household have a stable shelter that is adequate, safe, and dry? (observe yourself) Options a) No stable shelter, adequate or safe place to live b) Shelter is not adequate, needs major repairs c) Shelter needs somerepairs but is fairly adequate, safe, and dry d) Shelter is safe,adequate, and dry Score 3 2 2 0 Abbreviations: CBO, community-based organization; HH, household.
Tool Definition of Economic Vulnerability Domains Assessed Validation Measures Findings Côte d'Ivoire Vulnerability Assessment The degree of inability of households to provide for the health, education, and nutritional needs of household members to mitigate the economic and health impact of HIV, cope with infection, and reduce their risk for acquiring HIV (for those without HIV). Financial capital
Physical capital
Natural capital
Social capital
Human capital
Poverty likelihood Côte d'Ivoire Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI)
The 4 components created using principal component analysis explained only 21% of the variance among items
Component 1 was moderately correlated (r=.69) with the rCSI, FCS (r=.55), and PPI (r=.46)
The 65 vulnerability measures examined did not cluster in ways that would allow for the creation of a small number of composite measures to develop a scale
Food Security: Reduced Coping Strategies Index (rCSI)
Food Consumption Score (FCS)
Uganda Simple Economic Strengthening Tool PEPFAR classifications of: Destitute
Struggling to make ends meet
Prepared to grow
Not vulnerable
Ability to pay for basic needs
Consistency/volatility of income
Availability of liquid assets and savings
Food security
Availability of assets to respond to shocks
Poverty likelihood Uganda Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI)
Moderate, positive correlation with poverty likelihood (r=.43)
South Africa Household Tool PEPFAR classifications of: Destitute
Struggling to make ends meet
Prepared to grow
Not vulnerable
Ability to pay for basic needs
Consistency/volatility of income
Availability of liquid assets and savings
Food security
Availability of assets to respond to shocks
Poverty likelihood South Africa Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI)
No significant association between poverty likelihood and tool classification (P=.25)
No significant association between classifications generated during community ranking exercise and tool classification (P=.77)
Modest association between self-classification and tool classification (weighted kappa=.32)
Significant but non-linear association between data collector classification and tool classification (P=.003)
Local classifications Community rankings
Self-classification
Data collector classification
South Africa Girl Tool The prevalence of economic factors that lead to transactional sex, and therefore increase risk for HIV. Perception of needs met
Pressure to contribute to the household
Availability of cash
Food security
Shocks
Safety nets
Financial goals
Control over assets
Control over economic decision making
Personal documentation
Gender attitudes
Adolescent girls' HIV vulnerability Vulnerable Girls Index (VGI)
No statistically significant correlations between the Girl Tool and the VGI (P=.25)
Abbreviations: ASPIRES, Accelerating Strategies for Practical Innovation and Research in Economic Strengthening; PEPFAR, U.S. President's Plan for Emergency AIDS Relief.