Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Overview of Gender-Focused Policies Implemented by the PMI AIRS Project
- FIGURE 2.
Percentage of Women Trained by the PMI AIRS Project, 2012 to 2015
- FIGURE 3.
Percentage of Women in PMI AIRS Project Supervisory Positions by Country, 2012 to 2015
Tables
2012 2013 2014 2015 Benin No. of people trained 1748 1543 2487 3333 No. of women trained 262 276 443 591 % trained who were women 15% 18% 18% 18% Ethiopia No. of people trained 4213 3987 4390 4452 No. of women trained 992 1072 1472 1631 % trained who were women 24% 27% 34% 37% Ghana No. of people trained 1265 1681 1657 1544 No. of women trained 200 233 300 292 % trained who were women 16% 14% 18% 19% Madagascar No. of people trained 14,818 2241 3450 3302 No. of women trained 3583 482 1593 1337 % trained who were women 24% 22% 46% 40% Mali No. of people trained 2371 2426 2066 1370 No. of women trained 303 409 271 226 % trained who were women 13% 17% 13% 16% Mozambique No. of people trained 1953 1368 1677 2119 No. of women trained 596 303 625 624 % trained who were women 31% 22% 37% 29% Rwanda No. of people trained 6062 9558 7801 8998 No. of women trained 1556 2738 2185 2581 % trained who were women 26% 29% 28% 29% Senegal No. of people trained 1657 3973 1263 1287 No. of women trained 218 1221 218 397 % trained who were women 13% 31% 17% 31% Zambia No. of people trained – – 1592 2105 No. of women trained – – 616 625 % trained who were women – – 39% 30% Total No. of people trained 34,087 26,777 26,383 28,510 No. of women trained 7710 6431 7723 8304 % trained who were women 23% 25% 28% 29% a No employee training data available for Zambia in 2012 and 2013, because until 2014, the PMI AIRS Project in Zambia provided only technical assistance.
- TABLE 2.
Average Number of Structures Sprayed per Day by Country and Sex of Spray Operators, 2016
Country Mean No. of Structures Sprayed per Day (N) Difference Between Men and Women P Value Men Women Benin 14.6 (883) 14.6 (129) 0 .96 Ghana 17.1 (293) 15.9 (151) 1.2 <.001 Ethiopia 17.1 (1446) 16.3 (47) 0.8 <.001 Madagascar 14.3 (780) 14.1 (174) 0.2 .23 Mali 14.0 (695) 13.3 (299) 0.7 .15 Mozambique 8.0 (1089) 7.3 (403) 0.7 <.001 Rwanda 8.8 (534) 8.7 (729) 0.1 .42 Senegal 14.9 (340) 14.1 (157) 0.8 .49 Zambia 15.1 (741) 14.2 (374) 0.9 <.001 Country Refusal Ratea (N) Difference Between Men and Women P Value Men Spray Operators Women Spray Operators Benin 2.4% (883) 2.4% (129) 0.0% .96 Ghana 1.0% (293) 1.4% (151) −0.4% <.001 Ethiopia 0.1% (1446) 0.1% (47) 0.0% .60 Madagascar 0.3% (780) 0.2% (174) 0.1% .06 Mali 0.7% (695) 0.7% (299) 0.0% .47 Mozambique 11.3% (1089) 13.3% (403) −2.0% .005 Rwanda 0.1% (534) 0.1% (729) 0.0% .71 Senegalb 0.5% (340) 0.4% (157) 0.1% <.001 Zambia 1.2% (741) 1.3% (374) −0.1% <.001 Country No. Surveyed at Baseline No. Surveyed at Endline No. With Matched Baseline and Endline Surveys % With Matched Baseline and Endline Surveys Respondents Matched at Baseline and Endline All Respondents Gender Index Scorea at Baseline Gender Index Scorea at Endline Difference in Gender Index Score From Baselinea (SE) P Value Adjusted Difference in Mean Gender Index Scoresb (SE) P Value Madagascar 1,227 937 465 38% 7.59 8.00 0.41 (0.11) <.001 0.06 (0.08) .48 Rwandac 795 796 628 79% 7.17 7.47 0.30 (0.08) <.001 0.21 (0.10) .03 Zimbabwe 239 225 190 79% 8.37 8.04 −0.33 (0.16) .048 −0.37 (0.18)d .04 Ethiopia 676 499 115 17% 7.72 7.47 −0.25 (0.18) .16 −0.61 (0.12) < .001 Abbreviation: SE, standard error.
Notes: The PMI AIRS Project collected survey data among a sample of spray operators in 4 countries. Surveys were completed both before the 2015 spray season began (baseline or preseason) and after the season ended (endline or postseason).
↵a The gender index score is the average number of questions, out of a total of 11, answered in favor of gender egalitarianism.
↵b Adjusted results control for sex, previous experience working with the PMI AIRS Project (self-reported), ability to read, education, whether respondents live where they work, whether the respondents are heads of household, and (in Madagascar) district of the survey.
↵c Rwanda's 2015 spray season included 2 rounds of spraying.
↵d Covariates were not collected; results are not adjusted.
Country Sex No. Surveyed at Baseline No. Surveyed at Endline No. (%) With Matched Baseline and Endline Surveys Respondents Matched at Baseline and Endline All Respondents Gender Index Scorea at Baseline Gender Index Scorea at Endline Difference-in-Difference in Gender Index Scores (SE) P Value Adjusted Difference-in-Difference in Gender Index Scoresb (SE) P Value Madagascar Men 686 617 147 (21) 7.32 7.78 0.16 (0.24) .51 0.03 (0.17) .88 Women 537 320 319 (59) 8.19 8.49 Rwandac Men 523 564 439 (84) 6.99 7.20 0.30 (0.17) .09 0.14 (0.21) .51 Women 261 228 187 (72) 7.56 8.07 Ethiopia Men 532 390 106 (20) 7.80 7.53 0.29 (0.65) .66 −0.15 (0.31) .64 Women 132 82 9 (7) 6.76 6.78 Abbreviation: SE, standard error.
Notes: The PMI AIRS Project collected survey data among a sample of spray operators in 4 countries. Surveys were completed both before the spray season began (baseline or preseason) and after the season ended (endline or postseason). Zimbabwe is not included in this table because Zimbabwe's survey did not ask for the respondent's gender, due to government restrictions. Sex-disaggregated totals do not match overall total because demographic data were not collected from all respondents.
↵a The gender index score is the average number of questions answered, out of a total of 11, in favor of gender egalitarianism.
↵b Adjusted results control for sex, previous experience working with the PMI AIRS Project (self-reported), ability to read, education, whether respondents live where they work, whether respondents are heads of household, and (in Madagascar) the district of the survey.
↵c Rwanda's 2015 spray season included 2 rounds of spraying.
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