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Global Health: Science and Practice

Dedicated to what works in global health programs

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Table of Contents

December 2017 | Volume 5 | Number 4

EDITORIALS

  • Open Access
    Modeling Outputs Can Be Valuable When Uncertainty Is Appropriately Acknowledged, but Misleading When Not
    Steve Hodgins
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):530-533; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00444

    While modeling approaches seek to draw on the best available evidence to project health impact of improved coverage of specific interventions, uncertainty around the outputs often remains. When the modeling estimates are used for advocacy, these uncertainties should be communicated to policy makers clearly and openly to ensure they understand the model's limits and to maintain their confidence in the process.

COMMENTARIES

  • Open Access
    Extended Effectiveness of the Etonogestrel-Releasing Contraceptive Implant and the 20 µg Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for 2 Years Beyond U.S. Food and Drug Administration Product Labeling
    Moazzam Ali, Luis Bahamondes and Sihem Bent Landoulsi
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):534-539; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00296

    Recently published evidence from 2 large studies find that the duration of effectiveness of the etonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implant to be at least 5 years (compared with the current 3-year label), and for the 20 µg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system at least 7 years (compared with the current 5-year label).

  • Open Access
    From Research to Policy: The WHO Experience With Developing Guidelines on the Potential Risk of HIV Acquisition and Progestogen-Only Contraception Use
    Leo Han, Eva Patil, Nancy Kidula, Mary Lyn Gaffield and Petrus S. Steyn
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):540-546; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00278

    To develop guidance for women at high risk of HIV, WHO carefully considered the risks of maternal morbidity and mortality from unintended pregnancy against possible increased risk of HIV acquisition with injectable use. Among the many challenges: (1) balancing timeliness of changing the guidance against the potential impact of it; (2) engaging a range of stakeholders; (3) translating complex research and policy messages to clients; (4) needing additional research; and (5) monitoring and evaluating successes and challenges with implementing new guidelines.

REVIEWS

  • Open Access
    Interventions for Preventing Unintended, Rapid Repeat Pregnancy Among Adolescents: A Review of the Evidence and Lessons From High-Quality Evaluations
    Maureen Norton, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli and Cate Lane
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):547-570; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00131

    Evidence shows that effective prevention of rapid repeat pregnancy among adolescents links adolescent-friendly clinical contraceptive services with non-clinical interventions that contribute to positive youth development.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

  • Open Access
    Maternal and Neonatal Directed Assessment of Technologies (MANDATE): Methods and Assumptions for a Predictive Model for Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Mortality Interventions
    Bonnie Jones-Hepler, Katelin Moran, Jennifer Griffin, Elizabeth M McClure, Doris Rouse, Carolina Barbosa, Emily MacGuire, Elizabeth Robbins and Robert L Goldenberg
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):571-580; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00174

    MANDATE is a mathematical model designed to estimate the relative impact of different interventions on maternal, fetal, and neonatal lives saved in sub-Saharan Africa and India. A key advantage is that it allows users to explore the contribution of preventive interventions, diagnostics, treatments, and transfers to higher levels of care to mortality reductions, and at different levels of penetration, utilization, and efficacy.

  • Open Access
    Re-Evaluating the Possible Increased Risk of HIV Acquisition With Progestin-Only Injectables Versus Maternal Mortality and Life Expectancy in Africa: A Decision Analysis
    Maria Isabel Rodriguez, Mary E Gaffield, Leo Han and Aaron B Caughey
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):581-591; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00243

    Our model suggests that removing progestin-only injectables in Africa would have a net negative effect on maternal health, life expectancy, and mortality under a variety of scenarios.

  • Open Access
    Improving Contraceptive Access, Use, and Method Mix by Task Sharing Implanon Insertion to Frontline Health Workers: The Experience of the Integrated Family Health Program in Ethiopia
    Yewondwossen Tilahun, Candace Lew, Bekele Belayihun, Kidest Lulu Hagos and Mengistu Asnake
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):592-602; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00215

    Between 2009 and 2015, 1.2 million women received Implanon implants from trained Health Extension Workers. Of the approximately 7,000 implant service visits made during the first 6 months, 25% were among women who had never used contraception before.

  • Open Access
    Equal Opportunity, Equal Work: Increasing Women's Participation in the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project
    Abigail Donner, Allison Belemvire, Ben Johns, Keith Mangam, Elana Fiekowsky, Jayleen Gunn, Mary Hayden and Kacey Ernst
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):603-616; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00189

    Promotion of gender policies led to increased hiring of women in supervisory roles in a large indoor residual spraying (IRS) program with no meaningful differences in IRS output between men and women spray operators.

  • Open Access
    Jordan's 2002 to 2012 Fertility Stall and Parallel USAID Investments in Family Planning: Lessons From an Assessment to Guide Future Programming
    Esther Spindler, Nisreen Bitar, Julie Solo, Elizabeth Menstell and Dominick Shattuck
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):617-629; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00191

    Jordan's limited method mix, which has shifted toward less effective methods such as withdrawal and condoms, is a likely contributor to the plateau, coupled with social and cultural norms that discourage contraceptive use, such as preference for large family size and pressure to have a child immediately after marriage. Greater investment in social and behavior change and advocacy for stronger programming efforts are warranted.

  • Open Access
    Food Security and Nutrition Outcomes of Farmer Field Schools in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Shannon Doocy, Sarah Cohen, Jillian Emerson, Joseph Menakuntuala, the Jenga Jamaa II Study Team and Jozimo Santos Rocha
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):630-643; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00203

    A farmer field school program in food-insecure areas had positive impacts on household food security but not child nutritional status. Similar agricultural interventions may benefit food security, but the more difficult-to-achieve improvements in child nutrition status may require more focused and integrated programming approaches.

  • Open Access
    What Factors Contribute to Postabortion Contraceptive Uptake By Young Women? A Program Evaluation in 10 Countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
    Janie Benson, Kathryn Andersen, Joan Healy and Dalia Brahmi
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):644-657; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00085

    Across the 10 countries, 77% of 921,918 women left with a contraceptive method after receiving abortion care. While contraceptive uptake was high among all age groups, adolescents ages 15–19 were less likely to choose a method than women 25 years or older.

METHODOLOGIES

  • Open Access
    Harmonizing Methods for Estimating the Impact of Contraceptive Use on Unintended Pregnancy, Abortion, and Maternal Health
    Ian Askew, Michelle Weinberger, Aisha Dasgupta, Jacqueline Darroch, Ellen Smith, John Stover and Melanie Yahner
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):658-667; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00121

    Five models estimate the impact of family planning on health outcomes, but the estimates previously have diverged because the models used different assumptions, inputs, and algorithms. After a collective harmonization process, the models now produce more similar estimates although they retain some minimal differences. These models assist in planning, resource allocation, and evaluation.

FIELD ACTION REPORTS

  • Open Access
    An NGO-Implemented Community–Clinic Health Worker Approach to Providing Long-Term Care for Hypertension in a Remote Region of Southern India
    Sujatha Sankaran, Prema S Ravi, Yichen Ethel Wu, Sharan Shanabogue, Sangeetha Ashok, Kaylan Agnew, Margaret C Fang, Raman A Khanna, Madhavi Dandu and James D Harrison
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):668-677; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00192

    Paid community health workers screened for hypertension in the community, referred cases to the clinic for diagnosis and initial treatment by a physician, and then monitored patients who had well-controlled blood pressure including dispensing maintenance medications prescribed by the physician. Blood pressure control was successful in the majority of such patients.

  • Open Access
    More Than Bar Codes: Integrating Global Standards-Based Bar Code Technology Into National Health Information Systems in Ethiopia and Pakistan to Increase End-to-End Supply Chain Visibility
    Liuichi Hara, Ramy Guirguis, Keith Hummel and Monica Villanueva
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):678-685; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00350

    Bar codes can help track and trace health products in the supply chain. But to do so efficiently, they should be based on global standards rather than a proprietary system, and the captured data should be integrated into national health information systems to achieve end-to-end data visibility.

STUDENT ARTICLES - DOCTORAL

  • Open Access
    High Background Congenital Microcephaly in Rural Guatemala: Implications for Neonatal Congenital Zika Virus Infection Screening
    Anne-Marie Rick, Gretchen Domek, Maureen Cunningham, Daniel Olson, Molly M Lamb, Andrea Jimenez-Zambrano, Gretchen Heinrichs, Stephen Berman and Edwin J Asturias
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):686-696; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00116

    A variety of microcephaly case definitions detect high background prevalence in rural Guatemala, which complicates congenital Zika screening efforts. In addition, gestational age is needed for most screening tools but is usually unknown in low-resource settings. Fenton growth curves, originally designed for use in preterm infants, offer a standardized approach to adjust for unknown gestational age and may improve screening efforts.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

  • Open Access
    Authors' Response to Editorial: Maternal Death Surveillance and Response: A Tall Order for Effectiveness in Resource-Poor Settings
    Helen Smith, Charles Ameh, Pamela Godia, Judith Maua, Kigen Bartilol, Patrick Amoth, Matthews Mathai and Nynke van den Broek
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):697-698; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00407

CORRECTIONS

  • Open Access
    Corrigendum: Igras et al., Systems Approach to Monitoring and Evaluation Guides Scale Up of the Standard Days Method of Family Planning in Rwanda
    Susan Igras, Irit Sinai, Marie Mukabatsinda, Fidele Ngabo, Victoria Jennings and Rebecka Lundgren
    Global Health: Science and Practice December 2017, 5(4):699; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00359
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In this issue

Global Health: Science and Practice: 5 (4)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 5, No. 4
December 28, 2017
  • Table of Contents
  • About the Cover
  • Index by Author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)

Issue highlights

  • Modeling Outputs Can Be Valuable When Uncertainty Is Appropriately Acknowledged, but Misleading When Not
  • Extended Effectiveness of the Etonogestrel-Releasing Contraceptive Implant and the 20 µg Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for 2 Years Beyond U.S. Food and Drug Administration Product Labeling
  • Interventions for Preventing Unintended, Rapid Repeat Pregnancy Among Adolescents: A Review of the Evidence and Lessons From High-Quality Evaluations
  • Equal Opportunity, Equal Work: Increasing Women's Participation in the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project
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Uptake and Short-Term Retention in HIV Treatment Among Men in South Africa: The Coach Mpilo Pilot Project
What Distinguishes Women Who Choose to Self-Inject? A Prospective Cohort Study of Subcutaneous Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users in Ghana
Global Research Priorities for Understanding and Improving Respectful Care for Newborns: A Modified Delphi Study
US AIDJohns Hopkins Center for Communication ProgramsUniversity of Alberta

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