Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE 1
Malawi iCCM Routine Reporting Data Flow
Abbreviations: HSA, Health Surveillance Assistant; iCCM, integrated community case management.
- FIGURE 2
HSA Caseload Reporting Consistency at Baseline (2012) and Endline (2013) for Fever, Diarrhea, and Pneumonia, Dowa and Kasungu Districts Combined, Malawi
Abbreviations: HSA, Health Surveillance Assistant; RVR, results verification ratio.
An RVR of 1.00 indicates perfect reporting, while less than 1.00 indicates overreporting and greater than 1.00 underreporting.
- FIGURE 3
Wall Chart Template Use at the HSA and Health Facility Levels at Endline (2013), Dowa and Kasungu Districts Combined, Malawi
Abbreviation: HSA, Health Surveillance Assistant.
Health Surveillance Assistants in Malawi review iCCM data using wall chart templates.
Tables
Processes to Improve Data Demand and Use Elements of the DQU Package Design and Implementation 1. Assess and improve the data use context Participatory baseline data quality assessment, using tools based on the PRISM framework and MEASURE Evaluation data quality audit tools, and involving national and district iCCM managers
2. Engage data users and data producers Engagement of HSAs, health facility staff, district manager, and national IMCI unit staff in designing the package training materials and tools
3. Improve data quality (quality defined as accurate, complete, and timely) Baseline data quality assessment to identify barriers to data quality
Provision of calculators to HSAs to improve accuracy of monthly tallies
Refresher training on how to complete routine registers and reports
4. Improve data availability (availability defined as data synthesis, communication, and access to data) Development and dissemination of standardized wall charts to display data onsite
Training on analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data for HSAs, health facility, and district staff
5. Identify information needs Consultations with national, district, and facility staff and HSAs to document and prioritize information needs for monitoring iCCM
Working with district IMCI coordinators to identify reporting “benchmarks” and “action thresholds” and to agree on response to levels below the agreed-upon action threshold
6. Build capacity in data use core competencies General training on data management, use, and interpretation
Involvement of district staff in data collection and supervision to build leadership capacity and to better advocate for data use in their districts
7. Strengthen the organization's data demand and use infrastructure Development of written guidance on iCCM data analysis and use
Provision of data display templates
8. Monitor, evaluate, and communicate results of data use interventions Evaluation of the DQU package through mixed-methods, pre-post assessment and estimation of cost for scale-up
Dissemination of findings in Malawi and globally to leverage resources to expand to other districts (and countries)
Abbreviations: DQU, data quality and use; HSA, Health Surveillance Assistant; iCCM, integrated community case management; IMCI, Integrated Management of Childhood Illness.
Based on the Nutley and Reynolds logic model to strengthen data demand and use.13
- TABLE 2.
Sample Size for the DQU Intervention and Evaluation, Dowa and Kasungu Districts, Malawi, 2012–2013
DQU Implementation Baseline Assessment Endline Assessment Matched Data Districts 2 2 2 2 Health facilities 69 10 9 9 HSAs 426 38 36 31 Abbreviations: DQU, data quality and use; HSA, Health Surveillance Assistant.
- TABLE 3
Availability and Completeness of Reporting Forms at the HSA and Health Facility Levels for the Previous Month, Baseline (May 2012) vs. Endline (June 2013)
Kasungu Dowa Total Baseline Endline Baseline Endline Baseline Endline HSA levela Available 93% (25/27) 96% (23/24) 95% (57/60) 80% (37/46) 94% (82/87) 86% (60/70) Complete 74% (20/27) 79% (19/24) 95% (57/60) 63% (29/46) 89% (77/87) 69% (48/70) Health facility levelb Available Missing 100% (24/24) 100% (23/23) 44% (11/25) N/A 71% (35/49) Complete Missing 100% (24/24) 95% (22/23) 16% (4/25) N/A 57% (28/49) Abbreviation: HSA, Health Surveillance Assistant; iCCM, integrated community case management.
↵a Denominators represent all iCCM-trained HSAs associated with selected health facilities that would be expected to submit reports.
↵b Denominators represent all health facilities supporting iCCM that would be expected to submit reports to the district.
Supplemental material
- Text s01, PDF - Text s01, PDF
- Text s02, PDF - Text s02, PDF
- Text s03, PDF - Text s03, PDF
