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Global Health: Science and Practice

Dedicated to what works in global health programs

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Table of Contents

June 2017 | Volume 5 | Number 2

EDITORIALS

  • Open Access
    Reducing Sepsis Deaths in Newborns Through Home Visitation and Active Case Detection: Is it Realistic?
    Stephen Hodgins and Robert McPherson
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):177-179; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00201

    Severe bacterial infection remains one of the major causes of newborn deaths in low-income countries. A key challenge for reducing this burden is making definitive treatment more easily available. Active case detection through early postnatal home visits can work under trial conditions but is difficult to implement at scale under routine conditions. In many settings, making treatment available at peripheral-level primary health care facilities may be more feasible.

  • Open Access
    Not Ready for Primetime: Challenges of Antenatal Ultrasound in Low- and Middle-Income Country Settings
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):180-181; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00213

    Even under optimized trial conditions, antenatal ultrasound was difficult to implement in Equateur Province, DRC. Moreover, the broader study across 5 countries failed to find an impact on pregnancy outcomes. Use of antenatal ultrasound screening appears not to be ready for wide application in low- and middle-income countries.

  • Open Access
    Long-Acting HIV Treatment and Prevention: Closer to the Threshold
    Matthew Barnhart
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):182-187; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00206

    Substantial progress has been made toward viable, practical long-acting approaches to deliver HIV treatment and prevention through: (1) continued improvements in long-acting antiretrovirals (ARVs); (2) better innovative delivery systems; and (3) collaboration of willing partners to advance new ARVs. More progress on those 3 fronts is still needed to arrive at the goal of optimized HIV treatment and prevention for all who would benefit—and of finally controlling the HIV epidemic.

COMMENTARIES

  • Open Access
    The Importance of Mental Well-Being for Health Professionals During Complex Emergencies: It Is Time We Take It Seriously
    Mary Surya, Dilshad Jaff, Barbara Stilwell and Johanna Schubert
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):188-196; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00017

    We call on humanitarian aid organizations to integrate proven mental health strategies to protect the mental health of their workforce and improve staff capacity to provide care for vulnerable populations. Such strategies could include:

    • Pre-deployment training

    • Art therapy

    • Team building

    • Physical exercise

    • Mindfulness or contemplative techniques

    • Mind-body exercises

    • Narrative Exposure Therapy

    • Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

  • Open Access
    Integrated Person-Centered Health Care for All Women During Pregnancy: Implementing World Health Organization Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience
    Sarah de Masi, Maurice Bucagu, Özge Tunçalp, Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, Theresa Lawrie, Olufemi T Oladapo and Metin Gülmezoglu
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):197-201; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00141

    The 2016 WHO guideline on routine antenatal care (ANC) recommends several health systems interventions to improve quality of care and increase use of services including:

    • Midwife-led continuity of care throughout the antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal periods

    • Task shifting components of ANC, including promotion of health-related behaviors and distribution of nutrition supplements

    • Recruitment and retention of health workers in rural and remote areas

    • Community mobilization to improve communication and support to pregnant women

    • Women-held case notes

    • A model with a minimum of 8 antenatal care contacts

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

  • Open Access
    Effect on Neonatal Mortality of Newborn Infection Management at Health Posts When Referral Is Not Possible: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Rural Ethiopia
    Tedbabe Degefie Hailegebriel, Brian Mulligan, Simon Cousens, Bereket Mathewos, Steve Wall, Abeba Bekele, Jeanne Russell, Deborah Sitrin, Biruk Tensou, Joy Lawn, Joseph de Graft Johnson, Hailemariam Legesse, Sirak Hailu, Assaye Nigussie, Bogale Worku and Abdullah Baqui
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):202-216; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00312

    Health Extension Workers (HEWs), in general, properly provided antibiotic treatment of possible severe bacterial infections in newborns at the health post level. But only about half of newborns estimated to have infections in the intervention area received treatment by HEWs, and home visits and referrals declined in the final months of the study. Cluster-level analysis suggests a mortality reduction consistent with this level of treatment coverage, although the finding did not reach statistical significance.

  • Open Access
    Improving Adherence to Essential Birth Practices Using the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist With Peer Coaching: Experience From 60 Public Health Facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India
    Megan Marx Delaney, Pinki Maji, Tapan Kalita, Nabihah Kara, Darpan Rana, Krishan Kumar, Jenny Masoinneuve, Simon Cousens, Atul A Gawande, Vishwajeet Kumar, Bhala Kodkany, Narender Sharma, Rajiv Saurastri, Vinay Pratap Singh, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Katherine EA Semrau and Rebecca Firestone
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):217-231; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00410

    Implementation of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist with peer coaching resulted in >90% adherence to 35 of 39 essential birth practices among birth attendants after 8 months, but adherence to some practices was lower when the coach was absent.

  • Open Access
    The BetterBirth Program: Pursuing Effective Adoption and Sustained Use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Through Coaching-Based Implementation in Uttar Pradesh, India
    Nabihah Kara, Rebecca Firestone, Tapan Kalita, Atul A Gawande, Vishwajeet Kumar, Bhala Kodkany, Rajiv Saurastri, Vinay Pratap Singh, Pinki Maji, Ami Karlage, Lisa R Hirschhorn and Katherine EA Semrau on behalf of the BetterBirth Trial Group
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):232-243; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00411

    The BetterBirth Program relied on carefully structured coaching that was multilevel, collaborative, and provider-centered to motivate birth attendants to use the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist and improve adherence to essential birth practices. It was scaled to 60 sites as part of a randomized controlled trial in Uttar Pradesh, India.

  • Open Access
    Limited Service Availability, Readiness, and Use of Facility-Based Delivery Care in Haiti: A Study Linking Health Facility Data and Population Data
    Wenjuan Wang, Michelle Winner and Clara R Burgert-Brucker
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):244-260; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00311

    Proximity to a health facility offering delivery services and readiness of the facilities to provide such services were poor in both rural and urban areas outside of Port-au-Prince. Availability of a proximate facility was significantly associated with women in rural and urban areas delivering at a facility, as was the quality of delivery care available at the facilities but only in urban areas.

  • Open Access
    Benefits and Limitations of Text Messages to Stimulate Higher Learning Among Community Providers: Participants' Views of an mHealth Intervention to Support Continuing Medical Education in Vietnam
    Lora L Sabin, Anna Larson Williams, Bao Ngoc Le, Augusta R Herman, Ha Viet Nguyen, Rebecca R Albanese, Wenjun Xiong, Hezekiah OA Shobiye, Nafisa Halim, Lien Thi Ngoc Tran, Marion McNabb, Hai Hoang, Ariel Falconer, Tam Thi Thanh Nguyen and Christopher J Gill
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):261-273; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00348

    The original intention was to deliver technical content through brief text messages to stimulate participants to undertake deeper learning. While participants appreciated the convenience and relevance of the text messages, their scores of higher-order knowledge did not improve. The intervention may not have been successful because the messages lacked depth and interactivity, and participants were not explicitly encouraged to seek deeper learning.

  • Open Access
    Availability and Quality of Family Planning Services in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: High Potential for Improvement
    Dieudonné Mpunga, JP Lumbayi, Nelly Dikamba, Albert Mwembo, Mala Ali Mapatano and Gilbert Wembodinga
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):274-285; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00205

    A few facilities provided good access to and quality of family planning services, particularly urban, private, and higher-level facilities. Yet only one-third offered family planning services at all, and only 20% of these facilities met a basic measure of quality. Condoms, oral contraceptives, and injectables were most available, whereas long-acting, permanent methods, and emergency contraception were least available. Responding to the DRC's high unmet need for family planning calls for substantial expansion of services.

  • Open Access
    Increasing Access to Family Planning Choices Through Public-Sector Social Franchising: The Experience of Marie Stopes International in Mali
    Judy Gold, Eva Burke, Boubacar Cissé, Anna Mackay, Gillian Eva and Brendan Hayes
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):286-298; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00011

    While social franchising has been highly successful with private-sector providers, in Mali the approach was expanded to public-sector community health clinics. From 2012 to 2015, these clinics served >120,000 family planning clients, 78% of whom chose long-acting reversible methods. Many clients were young, poor, and had not been using a method during the 3 months prior to their visit.

REVIEWS

  • Open Access
    Inequitable Access to Health Care by the Poor in Community-Based Health Insurance Programs: A Review of Studies From Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Chukwuemeka A Umeh and Frank G Feeley
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):299-314; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00286

    The poor lack equitable access to health care in community-based health insurance schemes. Flexible installment payment plans, subsidized premiums, and elimination of co-pays can increase enrollment and use of health services by the poor.

FIELD ACTION REPORTS

  • Open Access
    Challenges of Implementing Antenatal Ultrasound Screening in a Rural Study Site: A Case Study From the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    David Swanson, Adrien Lokangaka, Melissa Bauserman, Jonathan Swanson, Robert O Nathan, Antoinette Tshefu, Elizabeth M McClure, Carl L Bose, Ana Garces, Sarah Saleem, Elwyn Chomba, Fabian Esamai and Robert L Goldenberg
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):315-324; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00191

    In the context of a well-resourced research project on obstetric ultrasound, we encountered major challenges, including security and maintenance of the equipment, electricity requirements, health systems integration, and a variety of other systems issues. We propose future ultrasound interventions have at minimum a functioning health system with skilled and motivated staff, access to a referral hospital capable of providing affordable and higher levels of care, and feasible transportation means.

INNOVATIONS

  • Open Access
    Design Improvements for Personal Protective Equipment Used in Ebola and Other Epidemic Outbreaks
    Margaret Glancey, Patience Osei, William Alexander Patterson, Matthew Petney, Laura Scavo, Chandrakant Ruparelia, Soumyadipta Acharya and Youseph Yazdi
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):325-328; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00152

    We redesigned the personal protective equipment ensemble widely used during the 2014 Ebola outbreak into a relatively simpler and more versatile coverall and hood, to improve protection and usability for frontline workers treating patients in infectious disease outbreaks around the world.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

  • Open Access
    Cost of Contraceptive Implant Removal Services Must Be Considered When Responding to the Growing Demand for Removals
    Jill E Sergison, Randy M Stalter, Rebecca L Callahan, Kate H Rademacher and Markus J Steiner
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2017, 5(2):330-332; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00100
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In this issue

Global Health: Science and Practice: 5 (2)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 5, No. 2
June 27, 2017
  • Table of Contents
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Issue highlights

  • Reducing Sepsis Deaths in Newborns Through Home Visitation and Active Case Detection: Is it Realistic?
  • The Importance of Mental Well-Being for Health Professionals During Complex Emergencies: It Is Time We Take It Seriously
  • Improving Adherence to Essential Birth Practices Using the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist With Peer Coaching: Experience From 60 Public Health Facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Benefits and Limitations of Text Messages to Stimulate Higher Learning Among Community Providers: Participants' Views of an mHealth Intervention to Support Continuing Medical Education in Vietnam
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Uptake and Short-Term Retention in HIV Treatment Among Men in South Africa: The Coach Mpilo Pilot Project
What Distinguishes Women Who Choose to Self-Inject? A Prospective Cohort Study of Subcutaneous Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users in Ghana
Global Research Priorities for Understanding and Improving Respectful Care for Newborns: A Modified Delphi Study
US AIDJohns Hopkins Center for Communication ProgramsUniversity of Alberta

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