Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Tupange Project Conceptual Framework
Abbreviations: CHW, community health worker; FP, family planning; IEC, information, education, and communication; KQMH, Kenya Quality Model for Health; mCPR, modern contraceptive prevalence rate.
- FIGURE 2.
Comparison of Contraceptive Prevalence Rates at Baseline (July 2010) and Endline (December 2014), Nairboi, Kenya
Abbreviations: IUD, intrauterine device; LARC, long‐acting reversible contraceptive; PM, permanent method.
*P≤.05.
Tables
Type of Activity Number Capacity building Service providers completing contraceptive technology updates 188 Service providers completing family planning mentoring 103 Staff receiving family planning whole-site orientation 538 Commodity security MOH staff trained in commodity management 168 Service delivery Family planning integrated outreach activities conducted 427 Family planning in-reach activities conducted 1,770 Demand promotion CHWs who worked with Tupange 630 Youth groups in Nairobi that worked with Tupange 9 Youth oriented on family planning and communication skills in Nairobi prior to being engaged for community outreach 220 Abbreviations: CHW, community health worker; MOH, Ministry of Health.
Type of Activity Number Service delivery Family planning clients served through integrated outreach services (mobile sites) 52,557 Clients served during in-reach activities (fixed sites) 68,293 Clients served (new and revisits) in Tupange-supported facilities: facility, in-reach, and outreach 808,553 Community outreach Clients reached by CHWs and youth groups during community outreach 401,309 Referrals by CHWs to health facilities 67,447 Abbreviations: CHW, community health worker.
- TABLE 3. Characteristics of Longitudinal Household Survey Respondents by Endline Status, Nairobi, Kenya, December 2014
Not Interviewed at Endline (%) N=1,342 Interviewed at Endline (%) N=1,334 P Value Age group <.001* 15–19 12.5 7.4 20–24 34.0 26.0 25–29 25.6 24.4 30–34 13.2 15.6 35–39 8.5 13.3 40–44 3.7 8.6 45–49 2.4 4.7 Education .61 No education 2.5 2.0 Primary incomplete 10.2 11.3 Primary complete 26.6 27.2 Secondary plus 60.7 59.5 Wealth <.001* 1 Poorest 19.4 16.3 2 Poor 17.6 20.7 3 Middle 20.3 18.2 4 Rich 17.5 23.2 5 Richest 25.2 21.7 Religion .02* Protestant 67.9 68.0 Catholic 25.1 25.6 Muslim 5.7 3.8 No religion 0.3 1.2 Other 1.1 1.3 Marital status <.001* Never married 40.2 29.6 Married/living together 50.2 59.0 Divorced/separated 8.2 8.5 Widowed 1.4 3.0 Literacya .49 Cannot read 2.4 1.4 Can read only parts of sentences 17.1 16.0 Can read whole sentences 78.5 81.4 No card with required language 1.4 .6 Number of live births <.001* No children 36.60 24.60 1 child 31.40 24.70 2 children 16.70 22.80 3 children 8.80 13.60 4 children 3.80 6.90 5 children 1.40 4.10 6+ children 1.20 3.40 - TABLE 4. Women’s Background Characteristics at Baseline (July 2010) and Endline (December 2014), Nairobi, Kenya
Baseline (%) N=2,676 Endline (%) N=1,334 Age group 15–19 10.0 1.3 20–24 30.1 12.1 25–29 25.1 31.1 30–34 14.4 22.4 35–39 10.9 13.5 40–44 6.1 11.0 45–49 3.5 5.5 50–54 0.0 2.9 55–59 0.0 0.1 Education No education 2.3 1.9 Primary 37.6 33.6 Secondary 41.4 36.9 Higher than secondary 18.7 24.7 Nonstandard 0.0 2.6 Missing 0.0 0.3 Wealth Poorest 17.9 20.2 Poor 19.2 19.6 Middle 19.3 20.6 Rich 20.3 20.2 Richest 23.5 19.3 Number of live births No children 30.7 14.2 1 child 28.1 23.9 2 children 19.7 27.4 3 children 11.2 17.7 4 children 5.4 8.4 5 children 2.7 4.4 6+ children 2.3 4.1 Marital status Never married 34.9 21.3 Married/living together 54.3 60.1 Separated/divorced 8.3 14.4 Widowed 2.2 4.3 - TABLE 5. CPR (%) by Type of Method and Wealth Quintile Between Baseline (July 2010) and Endline (December 2014), Nairobi, Kenya
CPR Among All Respondents CPR by Wealth Quintile Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest Any method Baseline 47.8 41.7 47.9 57.2 47.5 44.9 Endline 61.6*** 62.2*** 69.4*** 62.3 63.7*** 49.8 Modern methods Baseline 43.6 37.6 44.6 53.8 42.5 40.1 Endline 54.8*** 55.6*** 64.0*** 57.7 54.9*** 40.9 Traditional methods Baseline 4.2 4.2 3.3 3.4 5.0 4.7 Endline 6.8** 6.6* 5.4 4.6 8.7 8.9* No. of women Baseline 2,706 483 518 522 549 634 Endline 1,294 256 258 269 261 249 - TABLE 6. Sourcea of Modern Contraceptive Methods Among Women Between Baseline (July 2010) and Endline (December 2014), Nairobi, Kenya
Source Baseline Endline Female sterilizationb Public NA 73.5% Private NA 26.5% Other NA 0.0% Number 36c 34 Implant Public 48.4% 57.7% Private 48.4% 36.9% Other 3.1% 5.4% Number 64 111 IUD Public 35.6% 45.5% Private 64.4% 50.9% Other 0.0% 3.6% Number 59 55 Injectable Public 48.0% 38.8%* Private 51.4% 61.2%* Other 0.6% 0.0% Number 477 273 Pill Public 29.8% 30.9% Private 68.9% 68.3% Other 1.3% 0.8% Number 299 123 Male condom Public 10.5% 11.6% Private 56.8% 49.3% Other 32.6% 39.1% Number 190 69 Abbreviations: IUD, intrauterine device; NA, not available.
↵a Public facilities include government hospital, government health center, and government dispensary. Private facilities include faith-based, mission hospital/clinic; private hospital/clinic; nursing/maternity home; community health worker/traditional birth attendant; traditional healer; pharmacy; and chemist. Other includes worksite clinic, mobile clinic, youth center, vending machine/dispenser, voluntary counseling testing/comprehensive care clinic, and bar.
↵b Bilateral tubal ligation.
↵c The 36 women reporting sterilization at baseline had missing responses on where they were sterilized.
↵* P≤.05.
- TABLE 7. Percentage of Women Who Agreed With Statements About Family Planning Myths/Misconceptions at Baseline (July 2010) and Endline (December 2014), Nairobi, Kenya
Baseline (%) N = 2,676 Endline (%) N = 1,334 Percentage Point Change Can make a woman permanently infertile 53.7 27.4 26.3* Users end up with health problems 75.4 48.4 27.0* Can harm your womb 62.4 32.2 30.2* Reduce woman’s sexual urge 63.1 46.1 17.0* Can cause cancer 55.6 39.0 16.6* Can give you deformed babies 63.9 26.2 37.7* Are dangerous to your health 72.8 43.6 29.2* Women who use them may become promiscuous 38.1 14.4 23.7* ↵* P≤.05.
- TABLE 8. Comparison of Selected Quality Outcomes From the SDP Survey of the Selected Tupange-Supported Health Facilities (N = 35) at Baseline (July 2010) and Endline (December 2014), Nairobi, Kenya
Baseline (%) Endline (%) Facilities providing family planning services (by method) IUD 85.7 100.0* Implants 82.9 100.0** Any LARC/PM 88.6 100.0* Facilities by number of modern methods provided No method 0 0 1–3 methods 0 0 4–6 methods 14.3 0 7+ methods 85.7 100.0* Facilities with a stock-out in the last year (by method) IUD 20.0 0.0** Implant 44.8 5.7*** Facilities with a stock-out in the last 30 days (by method) IUD 16.7 0.0* Implant 17.2 0.0*
