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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access

Early Infant Male Circumcision in Cameroon and Senegal: Demand, Service Provision, and Cultural Context

Ernest Kenu, Tin Tin Sint, Claude Kamenga and Rene Ekpini
Global Health: Science and Practice July 2016, 4(Supplement 1):S18-S28; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00185
Ernest Kenu
aUniversity of Ghana, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Accra, Ghana
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  • For correspondence: Ernest_kenu@yahoo.com
Tin Tin Sint
bUnited Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, NY, USA
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Claude Kamenga
cUNICEF, West and Central Africa Regional Office (WCARO), Dakar, Senegal
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Rene Ekpini
cUNICEF, West and Central Africa Regional Office (WCARO), Dakar, Senegal
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    TABLE 1 Characteristics of Men and Women Ages 15–49 in Cameroon and Senegal
    CharacteristicsCameroonSenegal
    Male circumcision rate90%80%
    Religion
     Catholic40%0%
     Protestant30%0%
     Muslim20%95%
     Other10%5%
    HIV prevalence4.3%0.7%
    Age at sexual debut
     Women17.119.0
     Men18.722.7
    ANC with skilled attendant (among women)64%94%
    PNC (among women)58%68%
    Place of birth of last child
     Public health facility61%69%
     Home37%27%
    Multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months
     Women4%0.3%
     Men23%8%
    Polygamy (among men)
     Urban11%5%
     Rural16%18%
     Total13%17%
    Knowledge of HIV
     Women96%95%
     Men98%97%
    Have had HIV test and know results
     Women51%28%
     Men40%17%
    No health insurance coverage
     Women98%94%
     Men96%92%
    • Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; PNC, postnatal care.

    • Source of data: 2011 Demographic and Health Survey in Cameroon8 and a 2010–2011 Demographic and Health Survey – Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in Senegal.9

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    TABLE 2 Facilities Selected for EIMC Assessment in Cameroon and Senegal, by Region
    RegionFacility
    Cameroon
    Southwest region (anglophone)Regional Hospital, Buea
    CMA, Limbe
    Littoral region (francophone)CMA Delange, Edea
    District Hospital, Pouma
    Central region, Yaounde (francophone)Central Hospital, Yaounde
    Hôpital Gynecologie Obstetrique et Pediatrique de Yaounde
    Senegal
    Western area: TambacoundaCS Diankhe Makhan
    Centre Hospitalier Regional de Tambacounda
    Central area: KaffrineCSR Kaffrine
    CS Malem Hodar
    Eastern area: DakarCS Camberene
    Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff
    • Abbreviations: CMA, Centre Medical d’Arrondissement (district medical center); CS, centre de santé (health center); CSR, centre de santé regional (regional health center); EIMC, early infant male circumcision.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3 Number of Key Informants, by Country and Affiliation
    CmuntryNational OfficersUNICEF OfficialsRegional and District OfficersTotal
    Cameroon31711
    Senegal22610
    Total531321
    • Abbreviation: UNICEF, United Nations Children’s Fund.

    • View popup
    TABLE 4 Number of Focus Group Participants, by Type, Age Group, and Country
    CameroonSenegal
    Service providersa
     Men, 26–57 years1816
     Women, 24–50 years3232
    Subtotal5048
    Community membersb
     Men, 25–80 years2830
     Women, 22–52 years3532
     Adolescents, 12–19 years3334
    Subtotal9696
    • ↵a 6 focus group discussions with service providers were conducted in each country.

    • ↵b 12 focus group discussions with community members were conducted in each country.

    • View popup
    TABLE 5 Number of Facilities Visited in Cameroon and Senegal Providing Selected Types of Services
    ServiceCameroon (N = 6)Senegal (N = 6)
    General OPD services66
    Antenatal care66
    HIV testing and counseling/PMTCT66
    Male circumcision66
    EIMC55
    EIMC counseling in ANC and postnatal care32
    Child health services65
    Laboratory services65
    Recommended immunization64
    Nutrition services33
    • Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; EIMC, early infant male circumcision; OPD, outpatient department; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission.

Additional Files

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  • GHSP-D-15-00185 Supplementary Material

    Kenu et al. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00185

    • supplementary material - Kenu et al. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00185
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Global Health: Science and Practice: 4 (Supplement 1)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 4, No. Supplement 1
July 01, 2016
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Early Infant Male Circumcision in Cameroon and Senegal: Demand, Service Provision, and Cultural Context
Ernest Kenu, Tin Tin Sint, Claude Kamenga, Rene Ekpini
Global Health: Science and Practice Jul 2016, 4 (Supplement 1) S18-S28; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00185

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Early Infant Male Circumcision in Cameroon and Senegal: Demand, Service Provision, and Cultural Context
Ernest Kenu, Tin Tin Sint, Claude Kamenga, Rene Ekpini
Global Health: Science and Practice Jul 2016, 4 (Supplement 1) S18-S28; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00185
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