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Global Health: Science and Practice

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Table of Contents

September 2016 | Volume 4 | Number 3

EDITORIALS

  • Open Access
    Effective LARC Providers: Moving Beyond Training (Republication)
    James D Shelton and Anne E Burke
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):356-358; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00258

    Effective and productive providers are the key to successful provision of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). But LARCs demand more of providers than short-acting resupply methods. In addition to sound training, key elements to developing highly productive providers of LARCs include a thorough understanding of the service delivery system context; selecting providers with the most potential, especially from mid-level cadres; strong mentoring and supportive supervision; and attention to the supply chain and to demand-side support.

VIEWPOINTS

  • Open Access
    Moving Medicine, Moving Minds: Helping Developing Countries Overcome Barriers to Outsourcing Health Commodity Distribution to Boost Supply Chain Performance and Strengthen Health Systems
    Priya Agrawal, Iain Barton, Roberto Dal Bianco, Dana Hovig, David Sarley and Prashant Yadav
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):359-365; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00130

    Senegal and other developing countries are improving access to health commodities by outsourcing supply chain logistics to private providers. To achieve broader, lasting reform, we must support further adoption of the outsourced model; assist country-led cost-benefit analyses; and help governments build capacity to manage contracts and overcome other barriers.

COMMENTARIES

  • Open Access
    Accessible Contraceptive Implant Removal Services: An Essential Element of Quality Service Delivery and Scale-Up
    Megan Christofield and Maryjane Lacoste
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):366-372; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00096

    Use of contraceptive implants has surged in recent years, yet emerging data show a deficit of service delivery capacity and coverage for implant removals. The number of projected removals needed in the 69 FP2020 focus countries in 2018 (4.9–5.8 million) is more than twice that estimated for 2015 (2.2 million). We must proactively plan and execute high-quality implant removal services in order to fulfill the exceptional promise of implants in meeting client needs and advancing toward FP2020 goals.

  • Open Access
    Using Qualitative Methods to Validate and Contextualize Quantitative Findings: A Case Study of Research on Sexual Behavior and Gender-Based Violence Among Young Swazi Women
    Allison Ruark and Rebecca Fielding-Miller
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):373-383; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00062

    Nesting qualitative data collection methods within quantitative studies improves results by assessing validity and providing depth and context. Using data from 3 sources from Swaziland, we triangulate qualitative and quantitative findings to highlight how different methodologies produce discrepant data regarding risky sexual behaviors among young women. We found that women reported similar numbers of lifetime sex partners in all sources, but the proportion reporting multiple and concurrent partnerships was several times higher in qualitative interviews. In addition, qualitative data can provide deeper understanding of how participants, such as those experiencing gender-based violence, understood the experiences behind the quantitative statistics.

  • Open Access
    Vouchers: A Hot Ticket for Reaching the Poor and Other Special Groups With Voluntary Family Planning Services
    Elaine P Menotti and Marguerite Farrell
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):384-393; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00084

    Vouchers can be a highly effective tool to increase access to and use of family planning and reproductive health services, especially for special populations including the poor, youth, and postpartum women. Voucher programs need to include social and behavior change communication with clients and quality assurance for providers, whether in the private or public sector. In the longer term, voucher programs can strengthen health systems capacity and provide a pathway to strategic purchasing such as insurance or contracting.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

  • Open Access
    Successful Implementation of a Multicountry Clinical Surveillance and Data Collection System for Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa: Findings and Lessons Learned
    Reshma Roshania, Michaela Mallow, Nelson Dunbar, David Mansary, Pranav Shetty, Taralyn Lyon, Kacey Pham, Matthew Abad, Erin Shedd, Anh-Minh A Tran, Sarah Cundy and Adam C Levine
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):394-409; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00186

    Despite resource and logistical constraints, International Medical Corps cared for thousands at 5 Ebola treatment units in Liberia and Sierra Leone between 2014 and 2015 while collecting hundreds of data points on each patient. To facilitate data collection and global reporting in future humanitarian responses, standardized data forms and databases, with clear definitions of clinical and epidemiological variables, should be developed and adopted by the international community.

  • Open Access
    Safety and Acceptability of Community-Based Distribution of Injectable Contraceptives: A Pilot Project in Mozambique
    Ana Jacinto, Mahomed Riaz Mobaracaly, Momade Bay Ustáb, Cassimo Bique, Cassandra Blazer, Karen Weidert and Ndola Prata
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):410-421; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00133

    Trained community health workers, including traditional birth attendants (TBAs), safely and effectively administered injectables in northern Mozambique; two-thirds of the women choosing injectables had never used contraception before. Including TBAs in the Ministry of Health’s recent task sharing strategy can improve rural women’s access to injectables and help meet women’s demand for contraception.

  • Open Access
    Scheduled Follow-Up Referrals and Simple Prevention Kits Including Counseling to Improve Post-Discharge Outcomes Among Children in Uganda: A Proof-of-Concept Study
    Matthew O Wiens, Elias Kumbakumba, Charles P Larson, Peter P Moschovis, Celestine Barigye, Jerome Kabakyenga, Andrew Ndamira, Lacey English, Niranjan Kissoon, Guohai Zhou and J Mark Ansermino
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):422-434; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00069

    Post-hospital discharge is a vulnerable time for recurrent illness and death among children. An intervention package consisting of (1) referrals for scheduled follow-up visits, (2) discharge counseling, and (3) simple prevention items such as soap and oral rehydration salts resulted in much higher health seeking and hospital readmissions compared with historical controls.

  • Open Access
    Intensive Group Learning and On-Site Services to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Young Adults in Liberia: A Randomized Evaluation of HealthyActions
    Rebecca Firestone, Reid Moorsmith, Simon James, Marilyn Urey, Rena Greifinger, Danielle Lloyd, Lisa Hartenberger-Toby, Jewel Gausman and Musa Sanoe
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):435-451; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00074

    Combining intensive group learning and provision of on-site reproductive health services through an existing alternative basic education program increased use of contraception and HIV testing and counseling among young out-of-school Liberians.

  • Open Access
    A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Trauma-Informed Support, Skills, and Psychoeducation Intervention for Survivors of Torture and Related Trauma in Kurdistan, Northern Iraq
    Judith Bass, Sarah McIvor Murray, Thikra Ahmed Mohammed, Mary Bunn, William Gorman, Ahmed Mohammed Amin Ahmed, Laura Murray and Paul Bolton
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):452-466; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00017

    Providing survivors of torture, imprisonment, and/or military attacks with a counseling program that includes support, skills and psychoeducation by well-trained and supervised community mental health workers can result in moderate yet meaningful improvements in depression and dysfunction.

  • Open Access
    Progress in Harmonizing Tiered HIV Laboratory Systems: Challenges and Opportunities in 8 African Countries
    Jason Williams, Farouk Umaru, Dianna Edgil and Joel Kuritsky
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):467-480; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00004

    Countries have had mixed results in adhering to laboratory instrument procurement lists, with some limiting instrument brand expansion and others experiencing substantial growth in instrument counts and brand diversity. Important challenges to advancing laboratory harmonization strategies include:

    1. Lack of adherence to procurement policies

    2. Lack of an effective coordinating body

    3. Misalignment of laboratory policies, treatment guidelines, and minimum service packages

REVIEWS

  • Open Access
    Postabortion Care: 20 Years of Strong Evidence on Emergency Treatment, Family Planning, and Other Programming Components
    Douglas Huber, Carolyn Curtis, Laili Irani, Sara Pappa and Lauren Arrington
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):481-494; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00052

    Twenty years of postabortion care (PAC) studies yield strong evidence that:

    • Misoprostol and vacuum aspiration are comparable in safety and effectiveness for treating incomplete abortion.

    • Misoprostol, which can be provided by trained nurses and midwives, shows substantial promise for extending PAC services to secondary hospitals and primary health posts.

    • Postabortion family planning uptake generally increases rapidly-and unintended pregnancies and repeat abortions can decline as a result-when a range of free contraceptives, including long-acting methods, are offered at the point of treatment; male involvement in counseling-always with the woman’s concurrence-can increase family planning uptake and support.

FIELD ACTION REPORTS

  • Open Access
    Improving the Quality of Postabortion Care Services in Togo Increased Uptake of Contraception
    Stembile Mugore, Ntapi Tchiguiri K Kassouta, Boniface Sebikali, Laurel Lundstrom and Abdulmumin Saad
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):495-505; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00212

    The quality improvement approach applied at 5 facilities over about 1 year increased family planning counseling to postabortion clients from 31% to 91%. Of those counseled provision of a contraceptive method before discharge increased from 37% to 60%. Oral contraceptives remained the most popular method, but use of injectables and implants increased. The country-driven approach, which tended to use existing resources and minimal external support, has potential for sustainability and scale-up in Togo and application elsewhere.

SHORT REPORTS

  • Open Access
    Use of the World Health Organization’s Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use Guidance in sub-Saharan African Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Melissa J Chen, Mary E Gaffield and James Kiarie
    Global Health: Science and Practice September 2016, 4(3):506-510; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00216

    The revised 2015 World Health Organization guidance expanded the recommended contraceptive options available to breastfeeding women during the early postpartum period to include progestogen-only pills and implants, but a substantial number of surveyed country representatives indicated that as yet their national policies did not allow such women to use these methods at that time. Countries may benefit from support to incorporate MEC guidance into national service delivery guidelines.

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In this issue

Global Health: Science and Practice: 4 (3)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 4, No. 3
September 28, 2016
  • Table of Contents
  • About the Cover
  • Index by Author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)

Issue highlights

  • Effective LARC Providers: Moving Beyond Training (Republication)
  • Accessible Contraceptive Implant Removal Services: An Essential Element of Quality Service Delivery and Scale-Up
  • Improving the Quality of Postabortion Care Services in Togo Increased Uptake of Contraception
  • Successful Implementation of a Multicountry Clinical Surveillance and Data Collection System for Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa: Findings and Lessons Learned
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  • EDITORIALS
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  • COMMENTARIES
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  • Editor's Picks
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Implementation of Maternal and Newborn Health Mobile Phone E-Cohorts to Track Longitudinal Care Quality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Documenting Community Health Worker Compensation Schemes and Their Perceived Effectiveness in Seven sub-Saharan African Countries: A Qualitative Study
Interventions to Address the Health and Well-Being of Married Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Using Vignettes to Gain Insights Into Social Norms Related to Voluntary Family Planning and Gender-Based Violence in South Sudan
Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs

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