Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE 1
Number of Messages Posted by Each WhatsApp Learning Group Participant, Kibera and Makueni, Kenya, August 19, 2014 – March 1, 2015 (N=1,830 Messages)
Abbreviations: CHC, Community Health Committee; CHEW, community health extension worker; CHW, community health worker; MOH, Ministry of Health.
- FIGURE 2
Percentage of All WhatsApp Learning Group Messages Posted by Job Type of Senders, Kibera and Makueni, Kenya, August 19, 2014 – March 1, 2015 (N=1,830 Messages)
Abbreviations: CHC, Community Health Committee; CHEW, community health extension worker; CHW, community health worker; MOH, Ministry of Health.
Tables
- TABLE 1 Coding Scheme to Describe Messages Posted by WhatsApp Learning Group Participants, Kibera and Makueni, Kenya, August 19, 2014 – March 1, 2015– (N = 1,830 Posts, Codes Listed in Alphabetical Order)
Code Description No. of Postsa Code Description No. of Postsa Chain letter Generic message forwarded to members 12 Mobile app References to child developmental milestones or the project app 46 Clarifications Corrections to a prior post 11 Mobile phone Operational aspects of using mobile phones 113 Community development Community mobilization efforts in Kibera or Makueni 35 Moral support Condolences and encouragement in response to challenges or hardships 133 Disability Documentation of disabled child’s developmental milestones 111 Mutual learning Informal learning, peer learning, and knowledge exchange 108 Encouragement and praise Encouragement and praise in response to a prior post 281 Other health initiatives References to health programs other than childhood disability, malnutrition, or water and sanitation 110 Evidence Documentation of CHW practice 14 Other media Posts containing only icons, videos, or audio and exclusive of text 19 Follow-up Responses to a prior post or event 120 Photos Posts of photos 411 Fundraising and donations Collection or distribution of money or objects 16 Photo captions Posts containing descriptions of photos 183 Greetings Hellos, welcome messages, and holiday wishes 215 Referral Referrals of patients to CHEW or health facility 79 Health education CHW efforts to educate community 31 Religion Bible verses, blessings, and other references to faith 108 Household visits Encounters during CHW household visits 51 Reporting CHW descriptions of patient encounters or community work 100 Inspiration Words to motivate forum participants 48 Reprimand Posts that discipline or challenge other WhatsApp participants 16 Job offers and professional development Employment announcements and outside training 22 Requesting information Solicitation of additional information from others 83 Kibera-Makueni exchange Communication between Kibera & Makueni participants 137 Security References to community violence, fires, or other disturbances 4 Kenya Nation building 8 Service Statements about community service 6 Logistics and planning Time, date, location, and agenda of meetings and other events 186 Thanks Expressions of gratitude 304 Malnutrition Descriptions of work with malnourished children 16 Training Formal learning opportunities 122 mLearn project References to the mLearn project and its site visits, conferences and training activities 297 Water and sanitation Initiatives to promote clean water and hygiene 42 ↵a More than 1 code may have been assigned to any 1 post, so percentages will not total to 100%.
- TABLE 2 Categories and Frequency of Text Messages Posted to the WhatsApp Learning Group by Supervision Objective, Kibera and Makueni, Kenya, August 19, 2014 – March 1, 2015
Supervision Objective Categories of Posts No. of Posts % of All Posts (N = 1,400)a Supportive environment Encouragement and praise 906 64.7% Greetings Inspiration Kibera-Makueni exchange Moral support Mutual learning Religion Thanks Communication and information Evidence 467 33.4% Job offers and professional development Logistics and planning Reporting Requesting information Training Quality assurance Follow-up 266 19.0% Health education Household visits Referral Reprimand Any supervision objective Any of the above codes 1,227b 87.6%b - TABLE 3 Categories and Frequency of Messages Posted to the WhatsApp Learning Group by Broad Theme Related to CHWs’ Everyday Practices, Kibera and Makueni, Kenya, August 19, 2014 – March 1, 2015
Theme Categories of Posts No. of Posts With at Least 1 Code in Category % of Posts in Category (N = 1,400)a Posts about mCHW learning intervention Disability 435 31.1% mLearn project Mobile app Posts about other CHW practices unrelated to the mCHW learning intervention Follow-up 445 31.8% Health education Household visits Malnutrition Other health initiatives Referral Reporting Water and sanitation Training Posts for team building and community development Community development 819 58.5% Fundraising and donations Greetings Inspiration Inspiration Job offers and professional development Kibera-Makueni exchange Kenya Moral support Mutual learning Religion Service Security Thanks ↵a More than 1 code may be assigned to any 1 post, so percentages will not total to 100%.
In this issue
Enhancing the Supervision of Community Health Workers With WhatsApp Mobile Messaging: Qualitative Findings From 2 Low-Resource Settings in Kenya
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