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EDITORIAL
Open Access

Reduced Effectiveness of Contraceptive Implants for Women Taking the Antiretroviral Efavirenz (EFV): Still Good Enough and for How Long?

James D Shelton
Global Health: Science and Practice December 2015, 3(4):528-531; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00356
James D Shelton
aGlobal Health: Science and Practice, Editor-in-Chief, Washington, DC, USA.
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    TABLE. Pregnancy Rates in Studies of Contraceptive Implants and the Antiretroviral Efavirenz
    Implant Type and StudyMethodologyNo. of WomenNo. of PregnanciesPregnancy Rate (95% CI)Period of Use
    LNG
     Patel11Retrospective electronic database191a67.1 (1.5, 12.6)Unknown
     Perry12Retrospective chart review1211510a16.4 months
     Scarsi13Prospective clinical2031548 weeks
    ENG
     Patel11Retrospective electronic database641a155.5 (2.5, 8.4)Unknown
     Kreitchmann14Prospective clinical25b003 years
    Unknown
     Pyra15Secondary analysis of prospective study9a16Unknown
    • Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EFV, efavirenz; ENG, etonogestrel; LNG, levonorgestrel.

    • ↵a​ Estimated from data in publication.

    • ↵b​ Believed to be predominantly EFV users.

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Global Health: Science and Practice: 3 (4)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 3, No. 4
December 01, 2015
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Reduced Effectiveness of Contraceptive Implants for Women Taking the Antiretroviral Efavirenz (EFV): Still Good Enough and for How Long?
James D Shelton
Global Health: Science and Practice Dec 2015, 3 (4) 528-531; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00356

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Reduced Effectiveness of Contraceptive Implants for Women Taking the Antiretroviral Efavirenz (EFV): Still Good Enough and for How Long?
James D Shelton
Global Health: Science and Practice Dec 2015, 3 (4) 528-531; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00356
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  • Article
    • WHY REDUCED EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLANTS IS AN IMPORTANT PROBLEM
    • HOW DOES EFV DECREASE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLANTS?
    • HOW MUCH DOES EFV REDUCE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLANTS?
    • MIGHT ENG IMPLANTS BE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN LNG IMPLANTS?
    • WHAT ABOUT THE EXPECTED INCREASE IN PREGNANCY RATES IN THE LATER YEARS OF IMPLANT USE WITH EFV?
    • FOR WOMEN TAKING EFV, HOW DOES THE REDUCED EFFECTIVENESS WITH IMPLANTS COMPARE WITH OTHER CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS?
    • WHAT DOES THIS EVIDENCE IMPLY FOR RECOMMENDATIONS ON USE OF IMPLANTS FOR WOMEN ON EFV?
    • CONVEYING THIS EVIDENCE ON EFFECTIVENESS TO CLIENTS IS VERY CHALLENGING
    • NEW ARVS A POSSIBLE LONGER-TERM SOLUTION
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  • Low-Dose Antenatal Calcium Supplementation: An Intervention Ready for Prime Time
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