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Global Health: Science and Practice

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Table of Contents

June 2015 | Volume 3 | Number 2

EDITORIALS

  • Open Access
    Social Franchising: A Blockbuster to Address Unmet Need for Family Planning and to Advance Toward the FP2020 Goal
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):147-148; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00155

    Social franchising has scaled-up provision of voluntary family planning, especially long-acting reversible contraceptives, across Africa and Asia at a rapid and remarkable pace. The approach should be pursued vigorously, especially in countries with a significant private-sector presence, to advance the FP2020 goal of providing access to modern contraception to 120 million additional clients by 2020.

  • Open Access
    Benefits of Advance Oxytocin Preparation Could Extend to the Newborn
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):149; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00156

    Advance preparation of oxytocin not only facilitates rapid administration after delivery to prevent postpartum hemorrhage but also could free health workers to provide immediate neonatal resuscitation to non-breathing newborns within the critical 1-minute time window.

COMMENTARIES

  • Open Access
    Leveraging the Power of Knowledge Management to Transform Global Health and Development
    Tara M Sullivan, Rupali J Limaye, Vanessa Mitchell, Margaret D’Adamo and Zachary Baquet
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):150-162; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00228

    Good knowledge is essential to prevent disease and improve health. Knowledge management (KM) provides a systematic process and tools to promote access to and use of knowledge among health and development practitioners to improve health and development outcomes. KM tools range from publications and resources (briefs, articles, job aids) and products and services (websites, eLearning courses, mobile applications), to training and events (workshops, webinars, meetings) and approaches and techniques (peer assists, coaching, after-action reviews, knowledge cafés).

  • Open Access
    Family Planning Policy Environment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Levers of Positive Change and Prospects for Sustainability
    Thibaut Mukaba, Arsene Binanga, Sarah Fohl and Jane T Bertrand
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):163-173; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00244

    Building on expressed support from the Prime Minister to the Ministries of Health and Planning, the country’s new family planning commitment grew out of: (1) recognition of the impact of family planning on maternal mortality and economic development; (2) knowledge sharing of best practices from other African countries; (3) participatory development of a national strategic plan; (4) strong collaboration between stakeholders; (5) effective advocacy by champions including country and international experts; and (6) increased donor support. The question becomes: Will the favorable policy environment translate into effective local programming?

  • Open Access
    How Can We Better Evaluate Complex Global Health Initiatives? Reflections From the January 2014 Institute of Medicine Workshop
    Sangeeta Mookherji and Kate Meck
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):174-179; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00184

    An IOM workshop on evaluation design drew on recent evaluations of 4 complex initiatives (PEPFAR; the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria; the President's Malaria Initiative; and the Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria). Key components for good evaluations: (1) a robust theory of change to understand how and why programs should work; (2) use of multiple analytic methods; and (3) triangulation of evidence to validate and deepen understanding of results as well as synthesis of findings to identify lessons for scale-up or broader application.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

  • Open Access
    Establishing and Scaling-Up Clinical Social Franchise Networks: Lessons Learned From Marie Stopes International and Population Services International
    Sarah Thurston, Nirali M Chakraborty, Brendan Hayes, Anna Mackay and Pierre Moon
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):180-194; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00057

    Family planning social franchising has succeeded in countries with an active private sector serving low- and middle-income clients, with services provided mostly by mid-level providers, such as nurses and midwives. Key support for social franchising includes: clinical training and supportive supervision, help building sustainable businesses, marketing and demand creation, and mechanisms to make services affordable for clients. The forward agenda includes selectively introducing other priority health services, improving cost-effectiveness of the model, and promoting sustainability and health system integration.

  • Open Access
    Private-Sector Social Franchising to Accelerate Family Planning Access, Choice, and Quality: Results From Marie Stopes International
    Erik Munroe, Brendan Hayes and Julia Taft
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):195-208; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00056

    In just 7 years, Marie Stopes International (MSI) has scaled-up social franchising across Africa and Asia, from 7 countries to 17, cumulatively reaching an estimated 3.75 million clients including young adults and the poor. In 2014, 68% of clients chose long-acting reversible contraceptives, and many clients were adopters of family planning. Service quality and efficiency (couple-years of protection delivered per outlet) also improved significantly.

  • Open Access
    Toward a Systematic Approach to Generating Demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Insights and Results From Field Studies
    Sema K Sgaier, James Baer, Daniel C Rutz, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli, Kim Seifert-Ahanda, Paulin Basinga, Rosie Parkyn and Catharine Laube
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):209-229; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00020

    Using an analytical framework to design and implement voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs can lead to more effective interventions, especially when insights are incorporated from disciplines such as behavioral science and commercial market research. Promising VMMC behavior change practices: (1) address individual, interpersonal, and environmental barriers and facilitators; (2) tailor messages to men’s behavior change stage and focus on other benefits besides HIV prevention, such as hygiene and sexual pleasure; (3) include women as a key target audience; (4) engage traditional and religious leaders; (5) use media to promote positive social norms; and (6) deploy community mobilizers to address individual concerns.

  • Open Access
    Appropriate Management of Acute Diarrhea in Children Among Public and Private Providers in Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey
    Christa L Fischer Walker, Sunita Taneja, Amnesty LeFevre, Robert E Black and Sarmila Mazumder
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):230-241; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00209

    Training public-sector providers to treat diarrhea in children with low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts and zinc appeared to be effective. Among private providers, drug-detailing visits by pharmaceutical representatives seemed less effective, particularly in improving knowledge of the correct dosage and duration of zinc treatment. Consistent supplies and sufficient attention to training all health care cadres, especially community health workers who may be new to diarrhea treatment and informal-sector providers who are typically excluded from formal training, are critical to improving knowledge and prescribing behaviors.

  • Open Access
    Motivations and Constraints to Family Planning: A Qualitative Study in Rwanda’s Southern Kayonza District
    Didi Bertrand Farmer, Leslie Berman, Grace Ryan, Lameck Habumugisha, Paulin Basinga, Cameron Nutt, Francois Kamali, Elias Ngizwenayo, Jacklin St Fleur, Peter Niyigena, Fidele Ngabo, Paul E Farmer and Michael L Rich
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):242-254; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00198

    Community members and health workers recognized the value of spacing and limiting births but a variety of traditional and gender norms constrain their use of contraception. Limited method choice, persistent side effects, transportation fees, stock-outs, long wait times, and hidden service costs also inhibit contraceptive use.

  • Open Access
    Predictors of Essential Health and Nutrition Service Delivery in Bihar, India: Results From Household and Frontline Worker Surveys
    Katrina Kosec, Rasmi Avula, Brian Holtemeyer, Parul Tyagi, Stephanie Hausladen and Purnima Menon
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):255-273; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00144

    Only about 35% of sample households reported receiving immunization, food supplements, pregnancy care information, or nutrition information. Monetary incentives for such product-oriented services as immunization improved performance and may have spillover effects for information-oriented services. Immunization day events and good frontline worker recordkeeping also improved service delivery.

  • Open Access
    PEPFAR Transitions to Country Ownership: Review of Past Donor Transitions and Application of Lessons Learned to the Eastern Caribbean
    Abigail Vogus and Kylie Graff
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):274-286; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00227

    Six key steps for effective transition: (1) develop a roadmap; (2) involve stakeholders; (3) communicate the plan; (4) support midterm evaluations; (5) strengthen financial, technical, and management capacity; and (6) support ongoing M&E. The Eastern Caribbean will need to identify HIV champions; strengthen leadership and management; improve policies to protect key populations; engage the private sector and civil society more; integrate HIV programs into primary care; improve supply chain capacity; and address health worker shortages.

REVIEWS/META-ANALYSES

  • Open Access
    Action-Oriented Population Nutrition Research: High Demand but Limited Supply
    Judy Pham and David Pelletier
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):287-299; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00009

    Action-oriented research in nutrition, vital to guiding effective policies and programs at scale, is greatly underrepresented in public health journals and, even more so, in nutrition journals.

FIELD ACTION REPORTS

  • Open Access
    Bedside Availability of Prepared Oxytocin and Rapid Administration After Delivery to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage: An Observational Study in Karnataka, India
    Corrina Moucheraud, Jonathon Gass, Stuart Lipsitz, Jonathan Spector, Priya Agrawal, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Atul Gawande and Bhala Kodkany
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):300-304; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00239

    Advance preparation and bedside availability of oxytocin before childbirth was significantly and robustly associated with rapid administration of the utertonic, as recommended to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.

  • Open Access
    Successful mLearning Pilot in Senegal: Delivering Family Planning Refresher Training Using Interactive Voice Response and SMS
    Abdoulaye Diedhiou, Kate E Gilroy, Carie Muntifering Cox, Luke Duncan, Djimadoum Koumtingue, Sara Pacqué-Margolis, Alfredo Fort, Dykki Settle and Rebecca Bailey
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):305-321; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00220

    Health workers’ knowledge of contraceptive side effects increased substantially. The mobile phone approach was convenient and flexible and did not disrupt routine service delivery. Clear limitations of the medium are participants can’t practice clinical skills or have interactive discussions. Also, some participants had trouble with network reception.

CORRECTION

  • You have access
    Corrigendum: Vogus et al., PEPFAR Transitions to Country Ownership: Review of Past Donor Transitions and Application of Lessons Learned to the Eastern Caribbean
    Global Health: Science and Practice June 2015, 3(2):322; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00190
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In this issue

Global Health: Science and Practice: 3 (2)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 3, No. 2
June 01, 2015
  • Table of Contents
  • About the Cover
  • Index by Author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)

Issue highlights

  • Social Franchising: A Blockbuster to Address Unmet Need for Family Planning and to Advance Toward the FP2020 Goal
  • Benefits of Advance Oxytocin Preparation Could Extend to the Newborn
  • Family Planning Policy Environment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Levers of Positive Change and Prospects for Sustainability
  • Toward a Systematic Approach to Generating Demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Insights and Results From Field Studies
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COVID-19 Partners Platform—Accelerating Response by Coordinating Plans, Needs, and Contributions During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 Vaccines Use Case
Beyond Institutionalization: Planning for Sustained Investments in Training, Supervision, and Support of Community Health Worker Programs in Bangladesh
Global Research Priorities for Understanding and Improving Respectful Care for Newborns: A Modified Delphi Study
US AIDJohns Hopkins Center for Communication ProgramsUniversity of Alberta

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