Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1.
Number of Countries With Method Mix Skew According to the 50% Rule,a by Dominant Method (N = 35 Countries)
Abbreviation: IUD, intrauterine device.
a Each method comprises over 50% of total contraceptive use in the country. Missing regions in the bars had no country with over 50% use of that method among contraceptive users; male sterilization, the implant, and the condom had no countries at all with over 50% use of those methods among contraceptive users.
- Figure 2.
Method Mix Among Contraceptive Users Based on Latest Surveys for 123 Countries
Abbreviation: CPR, contraceptive prevalence rate; IUD, intrauterine device.
- Figure 3.
Method Mix Among Contraceptive Users by Age
Abbreviation: IUD, intrauterine device.
- Figure 4.
Declining Trends in Method Mix Skew Based on Average Deviation Values in 15 Selected Countries
- Figure 5.
Changes in the Method Mix Over Time, 4 Illustrative Countries
Abbreviation: CPR, contraceptive prevalence rate; IUD, intrauterine device.
Tables
- Table 1. Percentage of Countries (Latest Surveys) and of All Surveys With Method Mix Skew According to the Cutoff Levela
No. (%) Cutoff Level Countries (Latest Surveys) All Surveys 30% 115 (94.3) 609 (91.4) 40% 68 (55.7) 393 (59.0) 50% 35 (27.9) 225 (33.8) 60% 22 (18.0) 137 (20.6) 70% 10 (8.2) 62 (9.3) ↵a The “50% rule” is the most commonly used cutoff level, indicating that a single contraceptive method accounts for more than half of all contraceptive use in a given country. Changing the cutoff level changes the severity of the rule.
- Table 2. Contraceptive Prevalence Among Married/In-Union Women and Method Mix Among Contraceptive Users, Based on Latest Surveys in 123 Countries
Any Method Any Modern Method Sterilization, Female Sterilization, Male Pills Injectables IUD Male Condom Implants Traditional Methods Prevalence Among Married/In-Union Women All Regions 45.1 36.9 7.4 0.7 9.7 6.6 6.6 5.6 0.4 8.2 sub-Saharan Africa 27.2 21.3 2.0 0.1 6.4 7.3 0.9 3.2 0.7 6.1 North Africa & West Asia 52.6 36.5 3.5 0.1 14.2 1.6 12.1 4.5 0.1 16.2 Latin America 65.0 57.9 18.9 0.9 13.6 8.0 6.9 9.4 0.3 7.1 Central Asia 52.5 46.1 1.1 0.0 3.6 1.2 36.6 3.2 0.0 6.4 Asia & Pacific 52.3 44.8 9.9 2.0 9.5 8.9 8.2 5.3 0.4 7.5 Method Mix Among Contraceptive Users All Regions 12.8 1.3 22.3 16.7 12.9 10.7 1.3 22.1 sub-Saharan Africa 5.2 0.9 24.1 24.1 4.4 10.4 2.6 28.4 North Africa & West Asia 6.8 0.2 27.8 3.8 22.4 8.3 0.1 30.6 Latin America 27.9 1.2 21.3 13.0 10.3 14.5 0.5 11.3 Central Asia 2.0 0.0 7.3 2.2 70.1 6.4 0.0 11.9 Asia & Pacific 19.3 3.2 18.5 19.6 13.0 9.9 0.7 15.8 All data are presented as percentages.
- Table 3. Average Deviation (AD) Values for Method Mix Skew in Initial and Latest Surveys, 15 Countries
Country, Initial & Latest Survey Year AD Value in Initial Survey AD Value in Latest Survey Decline sub-Saharan Africa Benin, 1981/82 & 2006 19.2 13.3 5.9 Mali, 1987 & 2006 17.1 12.9 4.2 Rwanda, 1983 & 2010/11 19.8 10.5 9.3 Uganda, 1988/89 & 2011 12.6 8.9 3.7 North Africa & West Asia Egypt, 1974/75 & 2008 16.9 13.7 3.2 Iran, 1976/77 & 2002 13.4 9.3 4.1 Turkey, 1963 & 2008 17.7 10.6 7.1 Asia Mongolia, 1994 & 2008 15.2 8.8 6.4 Viet Nam, 1988 & 2010/11 16.5 10.6 5.9 Latin America Colombia, 1969 & 2010 13.8 7.9 5.9 Guyana, 1975 & 2009 12.5 8.0 4.5 Haiti, 1977 & 2005/06 15.9 9.7 6.2 Honduras, 1981 & 2005/06 12.6 8.7 3.9 Paraguay, 1977 & 2008 11.2 6.4 4.8 Peru, 1969/70 & 2010 12.9 8.4 4.5 Means 15.2 9.8 5.3 Region/Country Trends in the Method Mix sub-Saharan Africa Benin The injectable and pill have risen, while sterilization, the IUD, the condom, and especially traditional methods have fallen. Mali The injectable has risen substantially with declines in the pill and traditional methods. Rwanda Since the disruptions of the mid-1990s, the injectable has risen to over half of all use, while traditional methods have declined correspondingly. The implant gained in the latest survey. Uganda The injectable has risen at the expense of traditional methods, with a recent increase by the implant. North Africa & West Asia Egypt The IUD rose quite remarkably to a high level, with a corresponding decline for the pill. Recently, the injectable has shown some increase. Iran Sterilization has risen steadily; in the last survey, it lost ground to a resurgence in the pill, while traditional methods lost ground. Turkey The extensive use of traditional methods gave way to a rise in the IUD and condom, as well as female sterilization. Asia Mongolia The pill, injectable, and condom have risen while the IUD and traditional methods have fallen. Viet Nam The historic dominance of the IUD has weakened as shares of the pill and condom have gained. Latin America Colombia Sterilization rose very sharply over the years, along with a small rise for condoms. Shares for the pill, IUD, and traditional methods declined. Guyana The pill and traditional methods have lost ground, while the other methods show irregular trends that balance out to reduce skew. Haiti The picture changed sharply from 1994/95 onward. Sterilization declined while the injectable rose, with irregularities for other methods. Honduras The injectable share increased sharply with declines in the pill and in traditional methods. Paraguay Shares of the injectable and condom are up while shares of the IUD and traditional methods have fallen. Peru The IUD is down, as is sterilization slightly, while the injectable and especially the condom have risen. - APPENDIX 1. 123 Countries Included in the “Average Deviation” Method Mix Analysis, by Region
Country Latest Survey Year sub-Saharan Africa Angola 2001 Benin 2006 Burkina Faso 2010/11 Burundi 2010/11 Cameroon 2011 Cape Verde 2005 Central African Republic 2006 Chad 2004 Comoros 2000 Congo 2011/12 Congo, Democratic Republic of 2010 Côte d'Ivoire 2006 Djibouti 2006 Equatorial Guinea 2000 Eritrea 2002 Ethiopia 2010/11 Gabon 2000 Gambia 2001 Ghana 2008 Guinea 2005 Guinea-Bissau 2006 Kenya 2008/09 Lesotho 2009/10 Liberia 2007 Madagascar 2008/09 Malawi 2010 Mali 2006 Mauritania 2007 Mauritius 2002 Mozambique 2011 Namibia 2006/07 Niger 2006 Nigeria 2011 Rwanda 2010/11 Sao Tome and Principe 2008/09 Senegal 2010/11 Sierra Leone 2008 Somalia 2006 South Africa 2003/04 South Sudan 2006 Sudan 2010 Swaziland 2010 Tanzania 2009/10 Togo 2006 Uganda 2011 Zambia 2007 Zimbabwe 2010/11 North Africa & West Asia Algeria 2006 Armenia 2010 Azerbaijan 2006 Bahrain 1995 Egypt 2008 Georgia 2005 Iran 2002 Iraq 2011 Jordan 2009 Kuwait 1999 Lebanon 1996 Libya 1995 Morocco 2003/04 Oman 2000 Qatar 1998 Saudi Arabia 1996 Syria 2006 Tunisia 2006 Turkey 2008 United Arab Emirates 1995 Yemen 2006 Latin America Argentina 2004/05 Belize 2006 Bolivia 2008 Brazil 2006 Chile 2006 Colombia 2010 Costa Rica 2010 Cuba 2006 Dominican Republic 2007 Ecuador 2004 El Salvador 2008 Guatemala 2002 Guyana 2009 Haiti 2005/06 Honduras 2005/06 Jamaica 2002/03 Mexico 2006 Nicaragua 2006/07 Panama 2009 Paraguay 2008 Peru 2010 Puerto Rico 2002 Suriname 2006 Trinidad and Tobago 2006 Uruguay 2004 Venezuela 1998 Central Asia 1998 Kazakhstan 2006 Kyrgyzstan 2005/06 Tajikistan 2007 Turkmenistan 2000 Uzbekistan 2006 Asia & Pacific Afghanistan 2010 Bangladesh 2011/12 Bhutan 2010 Cambodia 2010/11 China 2006 Hong Kong 2007 India 2007/08 Indonesia 2007 Korea, Republic of 2009 Lao People's Democratic Republic 2005 Malaysia 2004 Maldives 2009 Mongolia 2008 Myanmar 2009/10 Nepal 2011 Pakistan 2012/13 Papua New Guinea 1996 Philippines 2011 Singapore 1997 Solomon Islands 2006/07 Sri Lanka 2006/07 Thailand 2009 Timor-Leste 2009/10 Viet Nam 2010/11 Country Survey Year Sterilization, Female Sterilization, Male Pills Injectables IUD Condom Implants Traditional Methods Average Deviation Value sub-Saharan Africa Benin 1981/82 - 1.5 4.5 - 1.5 3.0 - 89.4 19.2 Benin 1996 2.5 - 6.1 4.3 3.1 4.3 - 79.8 16.8 Benin 2001 1.6 - 9.8 11.4 4.3 7.1 1.6 64.1 12.9 Benin 2006 1.8 - 8.9 10.7 3.6 6.5 3.0 65.7 13.3 Mali 1987 2.2 - 19.6 2.2 2.2 - - 73.9 17.1 Mali 1995/96 4.6 - 47.7 3.1 4.6 6.2 - 33.8 14.1 Mali 2001 3.7 - 34.6 25.9 2.5 3.7 1.2 28.4 12.8 Mali 2006 3.7 - 35.4 30.5 1.2 4.9 1.2 23.2 12.9 Rwanda 1983 - - 1.8 3.6 2.7 - - 91.8 19.8 Rwanda 1992 3.3 - 14.2 39.8 0.9 0.9 1.4 39.3 14.0 Rwanda 1996 - - 17.4 29.7 2.2 1.4 1.4 47.8 14.4 Rwanda 2000 6.0 - 7.5 14.3 2.3 3.0 - 66.9 14.1 Rwanda 2005 2.9 - 13.9 27.2 1.7 5.2 - 49.1 13.2 Rwanda 2007/08 1.9 0.3 17.6 41.8 0.5 5.2 4.4 28.3 12.5 Rwanda 2010/11 1.6 - 13.8 51.1 1.0 5.6 12.2 14.8 10.5 Uganda 1988/89 16.3 - 22.4 8.2 4.1 - - 49.0 12.6 Uganda 1995 9.5 - 17.7 17.0 2.7 5.4 - 47.6 11.2 Uganda 2000/01 8.8 - 14.0 28.1 0.9 8.3 1.3 38.6 10.8 Uganda 2004/05 8.7 - 15.3 49.5 1.0 5.1 1.5 18.9 11.5 Uganda 2006 10.2 0.4 12.3 43.2 0.8 7.2 1.3 24.6 10.7 Uganda 2011 9.6 0.3 9.6 46.8 1.7 9.0 9.0 14.0 8.9 North Africa & West Asia Egypt 1974/75 - - 80.2 - 10.1 - - 9.7 16.9 Egypt 1980 2.3 0.3 70.0 0.3 17.1 4.2 - 5.8 15.5 Egypt 1984 5.1 - 55.7 1.0 28.4 4.4 - 5.4 14.8 Egypt 1988 4.0 - 40.9 0.3 42.0 6.4 - 6.4 14.5 Egypt 1991 2.8 - 33.7 1.1 51.1 4.4 - 7.0 14.9 Egypt 1992 2.4 - 27.6 1.1 59.7 4.3 - 4.9 15.6 Egypt 1995 2.3 - 21.8 5.0 62.9 2.9 - 5.0 14.9 Egypt 1997/98 2.6 - 18.8 7.2 63.7 2.8 0.2 4.8 14.4 Egypt 1998 2.5 - 16.9 7.6 66.5 2.1 - 4.5 14.6 Egypt 2000 2.5 - 17.0 10.9 63.5 1.8 0.4 3.9 13.9 Egypt 2003 1.5 - 15.5 13.2 61.2 1.5 1.5 5.7 13.1 Egypt 2005 2.2 - 16.7 11.8 61.7 1.7 1.4 4.6 13.3 Egypt 2008 1.7 - 19.7 12.3 59.9 1.2 0.8 4.5 13.7 Iran 1976/77 5.7 - 49.7 - 4.0 11.5 - 29.0 13.4 Iran 1989 8.0 - 36.3 - 7.4 11.4 - 36.9 12.0 Iran 1992 11.8 1.4 35.0 - 11.0 9.9 - 31.0 10.2 Iran 1993 13.7 1.5 36.5 - 10.7 10.0 - 27.7 10.1 Iran 1994 16.3 1.8 32.3 0.7 11.5 9.7 - 27.8 9.7 Iran 1995 19.3 1.8 32.1 1.8 10.0 8.0 - 27.0 10.2 Iran 1996 20.6 2.2 30.0 3.4 11.4 7.7 - 24.7 9.5 Iran 1997 21.4 2.6 28.9 4.0 11.5 7.5 0.7 23.4 9.1 Iran 2000 23.2 3.7 25.0 3.8 11.5 8.0 0.7 24.2 8.7 Iran 2002 20.8 3.1 34.3 3.1 10.4 8.2 0.5 19.5 9.3 Turkey 1963 0.4 - 3.8 - - 16.3 - 79.5 17.7 Turkey 1968 0.3 - 5.8 - 4.2 11.5 - 78.2 16.4 Turkey 1973 0.3 - 12.6 - 7.9 12.4 - 66.8 13.6 Turkey 1978 1.2 0.4 16.2 0.8 8.0 8.2 - 65.2 14.1 Turkey 1983 2.3 - 15.4 0.4 15.1 8.3 - 58.5 12.9 Turkey 1988 2.8 0.2 10.1 0.2 22.7 11.7 - 52.4 12.5 Turkey 1993 4.7 - 8.0 0.2 30.6 10.7 - 45.8 12.8 Turkey 1998 6.6 - 7.0 0.8 31.3 13.0 - 41.3 12.0 Turkey 2003 8.1 0.1 6.7 0.6 28.7 15.3 - 40.5 11.8 Turkey 2008 11.4 0.1 7.3 1.2 23.2 19.6 - 37.1 10.6 Latin America Colombia 1969 - - 23.4 - 13.2 7.3 - 56.1 13.8 Colombia 1976 10.0 0.5 33.2 1.0 21.2 4.2 - 29.9 11.7 Colombia 1978 17.2 - 39.5 2.3 17.7 3.2 - 20.0 11.1 Colombia 1980 22.5 0.4 36.6 4.2 17.1 3.2 - 16.0 10.6 Colombia 1986 29.3 0.6 26.2 3.8 17.6 2.7 - 19.7 10.7 Colombia 1990 32.5 0.8 21.9 3.4 19.3 4.5 - 17.7 10.3 Colombia 1995 36.3 1.0 18.2 3.5 15.7 6.1 1.0 18.2 9.6 Colombia 2000 35.5 1.3 15.5 5.2 16.3 8.0 0.3 18.0 8.8 Colombia 2004/05 40.2 2.3 12.5 7.5 14.4 9.1 0.4 13.6 7.7 Colombia 2010 44.2 4.3 9.6 11.6 9.5 8.9 3.9 8.0 7.9 Guyana 1975 27.9 - 29.5 - 18.4 - - 24.3 12.5 Guyana 1991/92 17.3 - 35.1 5.2 24.1 14.8 - 3.6 10.3 Guyana 2000 12.2 0.3 30.4 10.0 17.1 23.8 2.7 3.5 8.4 Guyana 2005 8.8 - 36.0 11.2 22.4 18.0 0.3 3.2 9.7 Guyana 2006 5.1 - 38.1 10.7 16.4 17.3 8.0 4.5 8.6 Guyana 2009 12.5 - 21.7 11.3 17.2 30.4 0.5 6.4 8.0 Haiti 1977 1.1 1.1 17.4 1.1 2.6 5.8 - 71.1 15.9 Haiti 1983 10.1 1.4 31.9 2.9 2.9 7.2 - 43.5 12.6 Haiti 1987 18.8 - 33.3 11.6 5.8 2.9 - 27.5 10.6 Haiti 1989 24.8 - 40.6 15.8 5.9 5.0 - 7.9 10.9 Haiti 1994/95 17.1 - 17.1 14.9 3.3 14.4 6.6 26.5 6.9 Haiti 2000 9.9 - 8.2 41.8 2.1 10.3 7.1 20.6 9.4 Haiti 2005/06 6.5 - 10.2 34.1 1.9 16.4 5.0 26.0 9.7 Honduras 1981 30.5 0.8 44.7 1.1 9.2 1.1 - 12.6 12.6 Honduras 1984 35.0 0.6 36.7 0.9 11.0 2.6 - 13.3 11.9 Honduras 1987 31.3 0.5 33.3 0.7 10.7 4.5 - 18.9 11.5 Honduras 1991/92 33.6 0.4 21.8 1.1 11.0 6.3 - 25.9 10.9 Honduras 1996 36.3 0.2 19.8 2.2 17.0 6.4 - 18.0 10.3 Honduras 2001 29.1 0.3 16.8 15.5 15.5 5.2 - 17.5 8.0 Honduras 2005/06 32.5 0.5 17.3 21.2 10.1 4.4 - 14.0 8.7 Paraguay 1979 7.7 - 34.5 5.0 15.4 4.8 - 32.6 11.2 Paraguay 1987 10.0 - 30.1 8.0 11.4 5.1 - 35.3 10.1 Paraguay 1990 15.5 - 28.5 10.9 11.9 5.5 - 27.7 8.5 Paraguay 1995/96 13.4 - 24.1 11.1 13.6 11.6 - 26.3 6.8 Paraguay 1998 13.1 - 21.4 12.2 18.1 11.9 - 23.3 6.5 Paraguay 2004 15.8 0.1 20.6 14.3 15.8 16.4 - 16.9 6.2 Paraguay 2008 12.5 0.3 22.7 20.8 15.5 16.6 - 11.7 6.4 Peru 1969/70 8.0 - 12.0 - 4.0 12.0 - 64.0 12.9 Peru 1977/78 9.2 - 13.7 3.3 4.2 3.6 - 66.0 13.7 Peru 1981 10.0 - 12.5 5.0 10.0 2.5 - 60.0 11.9 Peru 1986 13.6 - 14.5 2.9 16.5 1.6 - 50.9 11.4 Peru 1991/92 13.6 0.2 9.8 3.3 23.1 4.8 - 45.2 11.1 Peru 1996 15.0 0.3 9.8 12.6 18.9 6.9 0.5 36.1 8.1 Peru 2000 18.0 0.7 9.8 21.7 13.3 8.2 0.3 28.0 7.7 Peru 2004/06 14.6 0.6 10.1 20.7 7.9 11.9 - 34.3 8.0 Peru 2007/08 13.6 0.4 10.6 22.8 5.6 13.8 - 33.2 8.4 Peru 2009 12.9 0.6 10.5 24.9 5.2 13.8 - 32.1 8.4 Peru 2010 12.5 0.5 11.2 23.6 4.4 15.1 0.1 32.6 8.4 Asia Mongolia 1994 1.6 - 4.4 1.9 57.7 5.9 0.5 28.0 15.2 Mongolia 1998 4.0 - 7.0 5.2 53.8 5.8 0.3 23.9 13.2 Mongolia 2000 1.9 0.3 12.4 8.7 50.2 6.4 0.4 19.5 11.2 Mongolia 2003 4.4 - 16.0 8.4 47.6 7.8 0.4 15.4 10.4 Mongolia 2005 3.7 0.2 17.6 16.9 44.1 8.1 1.2 8.2 10.3 Mongolia 2008 4.7 - 17.7 14.4 40.6 12.2 0.4 10.0 8.8 Viet Nam 1988 5.1 0.6 0.8 0.4 62.1 2.3 - 28.9 16.5 Viet Nam 1994 6.0 0.3 3.2 0.3 51.3 6.2 - 32.7 14.7 Viet Nam 1997 8.4 0.7 5.7 0.3 51.2 7.8 - 25.9 13.0 Viet Nam 2000 8.2 0.8 7.3 0.5 49.9 8.2 - 25.0 12.5 Viet Nam 2000 7.9 0.6 9.5 0.7 57.4 8.0 - 16.0 12.1 Viet Nam 2001 7.7 0.5 10.0 0.7 55.8 7.9 - 17.3 12.0 Viet Nam 2002 7.5 0.6 8.0 0.5 48.0 7.4 - 27.9 12.7 Viet Nam 2002 7.2 0.5 10.4 0.9 56.6 8.5 - 15.9 11.9 Viet Nam 2003 6.9 0.5 11.4 0.9 57.0 7.4 - 15.7 11.9 Viet Nam 2004 6.6 0.4 11.9 1.1 56.0 9.3 - 14.7 11.4 Viet Nam 2005 6.3 0.4 12.5 1.2 55.5 9.7 - 14.5 11.3 Viet Nam 2006 5.5 0.2 10.6 1.5 54.9 11.0 - 16.3 11.6 Viet Nam 2006 7.7 0.7 11.9 1.6 47.6 10.1 0.1 20.3 10.7 Viet Nam 2007 5.6 0.4 13.2 1.1 55.4 10.5 0.1 13.7 11.2 Viet Nam 2010/11 5.0 0.1 13.0 2.2 40.0 16.4 0.3 23.0 10.6
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