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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access

Development of a Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Guatemala

Taryn McGinn Valley, Elizabeth White, Alli Foreman, Alejandro Chavez, Tana Chongsuwat, Linda Foxworthy, Madhuri Reddy, Cecilia Arroyave, Kevin Wyne, Rafael Tun, Yoselin Emelina Letona López, Dominga Pic Salazar, Cesia Castro Chutá and Sean Duffy
Global Health: Science and Practice August 2025, 13(1):e2400282; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-24-00282
Taryn McGinn Valley
aUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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  • For correspondence: tmvalley{at}wisc.edu
Elizabeth White
aUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Alli Foreman
bUniversity of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Alejandro Chavez
cUniversity of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Tana Chongsuwat
aUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Linda Foxworthy
dCharles River Community Health, Brighton, MA, USA.
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Madhuri Reddy
eUniversity of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Cecilia Arroyave
fLiga Contra el Cáncer, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kevin Wyne
aUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Rafael Tun
gHospital Obras Sociales Monseñor Gregorio Schaffer, San Lucas Tolimán, Sololá, Guatemala.
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Yoselin Emelina Letona López
gHospital Obras Sociales Monseñor Gregorio Schaffer, San Lucas Tolimán, Sololá, Guatemala.
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Dominga Pic Salazar
gHospital Obras Sociales Monseñor Gregorio Schaffer, San Lucas Tolimán, Sololá, Guatemala.
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Cesia Castro Chutá
gHospital Obras Sociales Monseñor Gregorio Schaffer, San Lucas Tolimán, Sololá, Guatemala.
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Sean Duffy
aUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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  • FIGURE
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    FIGURE

    Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment Pilot Program Process for Participants, San Lucas Tolimán, Guatemala

    Abbreviations: HPV, human papillomavirus; LEEP, loop electrosurgical excision procedure; VIA, visual inspection with acetic acid.

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    TABLE 1.

    Demographic Characteristics of Women Surveyed for Eligibility in a Cervical Cancer Screening Pilot Program, San Lucas Tolimán, Guatemala

    No. (%)
    Total SurveyedHPV TestVIA Exam
    Total256 (100)132 (51.56)67 (26.17)
    Age, years
     Younger than 18000
     18–297 (2.73)01 (1.49)
     30–49245 (95.70)132 (100)64 (95.52)
     50 or older4 (1.56)02 (2.98)
    Occupation
     Homemaker230 (89.84)115 (87.12)63 (94.02)
     Seasonal worker3 (1.17)2 (1.15)2 (2.98)
     Full-time worker000
     Other4 (1.56)1 (1.00)1 (1.49)
     N/A19 (7.42)14 (10.61)1 (1.49)
    Marital status
     Married126 (49.22)54 (40.91)36 (53.73)
     Single18 (7.03)11 (8.33)8 (11.94)
     Together, not married89 (34.77)52 (39.40)21 (31.34)
     Widowed4 (1.56)1 (1.00)1 (1.49)
     N/A19 (7.42)14 (10.61)1 (1.49)
    History of Pap smear
     Yes107 (41.80)46 (34.85)53 (79.10)
     No149 (58.20)86 (65.16)14 (20.89)
    • Abbreviations: HPV, human papillomavirus; N/A, not available; VIA, visual inspection with acetic acid.

    • View popup
    TABLE 2.

    VIA Exam Results, San Lucas Tolimán, Guatemala

    No. (%)
    Results
    Total Who Had VIA ExamPositiveNegativeUnsatisfactory
    VIA only67 (71.28)16 (23.88)50 (74.63)1 (1.49)
    HPV positive and VIA27 (28.72)7 (25.93)20 (74.07)0
    Total94 (100)23 (24.47)70 (74.47)1 (1.06)
    • Abbreviations: HPV, human papillomavirus; VIA, visual inspection with acetic acid.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3.

    Same-Day Treatment for Women Who Had Positive VIA Exam Results, San Lucas Tolimán, Guatemala

    No. (%)
    Total Who Received TreatmentThermocoagulationCryotherapyLEEP
    VIA only16 (69.57)5 (31.25)6 (37.50)5 (31.25)
    HPV positive and VIA7 (30.43)2 (28.57)2 (28.57)3 (42.86)
    Total23 (100)7 (30.43)8 (34.78)8 (34.78)
    • Abbreviations: HPV, human papillomavirus; LEEP, loop electrosurgical excision procedure; VIA, visual inspection with acetic acid.

    • View popup
    TABLE 4.

    Biopsy Results After Treatment, San Lucas Tolimán, Guatemala

    Excisional Modality

    Final Diagnosis

    No.
    LEEPCervicitis/inflammation3
    LEEPPolyp with cervicitis1
    LEEPCIN I2
    LEEPCIN II1
    Cold knife conizationInvasive cancer1
    • Abbreviations: CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; LEEP, loop electrosurgical excision procedure.

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Global Health: Science and Practice: 13 (1)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 13, No. 1
August 14, 2025
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Development of a Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Guatemala
Taryn McGinn Valley, Elizabeth White, Alli Foreman, Alejandro Chavez, Tana Chongsuwat, Linda Foxworthy, Madhuri Reddy, Cecilia Arroyave, Kevin Wyne, Rafael Tun, Yoselin Emelina Letona López, Dominga Pic Salazar, Cesia Castro Chutá, Sean Duffy
Global Health: Science and Practice Aug 2025, 13 (1) e2400282; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-24-00282

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Development of a Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Guatemala
Taryn McGinn Valley, Elizabeth White, Alli Foreman, Alejandro Chavez, Tana Chongsuwat, Linda Foxworthy, Madhuri Reddy, Cecilia Arroyave, Kevin Wyne, Rafael Tun, Yoselin Emelina Letona López, Dominga Pic Salazar, Cesia Castro Chutá, Sean Duffy
Global Health: Science and Practice Aug 2025, 13 (1) e2400282; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-24-00282
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