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PROGRAM CASE STUDY
Open Access

Improving Contraceptive Service Quality and Accessibility for Adolescents and Youth Through Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors in Four Nigerian States

Dorcas Akila, Oluwasegun Akinola, Olukunle Omotoso, Saori Ohkubo, Adewale Adefila, Philemon Yohanna, Nwanne Ikodiya Kalu, Adebusola Oyeyemi, Olubunmi Ojelade, Aisha Waziri, Winifred Kwaknat, Olusola Solanke, Bernard Emonena, Oluwafemi Rotimi, Lisa Mwaikambo, Victor Igharo, Lekan Ajijola and Krishna Bose
Global Health: Science and Practice May 2024, 12(Supplement 2):e2200225; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00225
Dorcas Akila
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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  • For correspondence: dakila{at}jhu.edu
Oluwasegun Akinola
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Olukunle Omotoso
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Saori Ohkubo
bThe Challenge Initiative, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Adewale Adefila
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Philemon Yohanna
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Nwanne Ikodiya Kalu
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Adebusola Oyeyemi
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Olubunmi Ojelade
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Aisha Waziri
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Winifred Kwaknat
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Olusola Solanke
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Bernard Emonena
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Oluwafemi Rotimi
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Lisa Mwaikambo
bThe Challenge Initiative, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Victor Igharo
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Lekan Ajijola
aThe Challenge Initiative, Nigeria Hub, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Krishna Bose
cThe Challenge Initiative, Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Figures & Tables

Figures

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  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    Map of Nigeria Showing Implementing States for the Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Program

  • FIGURE 2
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    FIGURE 2

    Front and Back of Go-Cards for Referral From Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors to Primary Health Centers, Nigeria

  • FIGURE 3
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    FIGURE 3

    Compliance Checklist Used During Supervision Visits to Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors, Nigeria

  • FIGURE 4
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    FIGURE 4

    Form to Collect Monthly Service Provision Data From Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors, Nigeria

Tables

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    TABLE 1.

    Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Contraceptive Experience in Four States in Nigeria

    No. (%)
    States
     Edo1,739 (25)
     Niger1,730 (24)
     Ogun1,742 (25)
     Plateau1,792 (26)
     Total7,003
    Have you ever had sex?
     Yes3,587 (51)
     No3,416 (49)
     Total7,003
    Had sex in the past 3 months?
     Yes1,930 (54)
     No1,657 (46)
     Total3,587
    Currently using any contraceptive method?
     Yes1,172 (33)
     No2,415 (67)
     Total3,587
    Currently using modern contraceptive method?
     Yes976 (100)
    Source of current modern method
     Private total722 (74)
      Proprietary patent medicine vendor454 (47)
      Pharmacy194 (20)
      Shop52 (5)
      Private hospital22 (2)
     Government hospital160 (16)
     Family and friends16 (2)
     Community health worker11 (1)
     Other39 (4)
     Don’t remember28 (3)
    • Source: The Challenge Initiative Background Household Survey, 2019.

    • View popup
    TABLE 2.

    Source of Current Modern Contraceptive Method for Youth and Adolescents, by State

    StateGovernment Hospital, %Private Hospital, %Community Health Worker, %Pharmacy, %Chemist, %Shop, %Family/ Friends, %Others, %
    Edo9.42.71.323.359.60.50.52.7
    Niger26.92.30.715.142.71.21.39.8
    Ogun15.54.40.719.335.7011.413.0
    Plateau27.92.61.514.632.51.69.89.5
    Total19.93.01.118.142.60.85.88.8
    • Source: The Challenge Initiative Background Household Survey, 2019.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3.

    Contraceptive Methods Currently Used by Youth and Adolescents and Obtained From Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors, by State

    State

    Edo (N=177)

    Niger (N=88)

    Ogun (N=94)

    Plateau (N=95)

    Total (N=454)

    15–19 Years,

    (n=63)

    20–24 Years

    (n=114)

    15–19 Years (n=24)

    20–24 Years

    (n=64)

    15–19 Years (n=27)

    20–24 Years

    (n=67)

    15–19 Years (n=31)

    20–24 Years

    (n=64)

    15–19 Years

    (n=145)

    20–24 Years

    (n=309)

    Implant0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
    Intrauterine device0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
    Injectables0.00.98.312.50.01.50.03.11.43.9
    Sayana Press0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
    Oral contraceptive pills1.60.00.04.73.74.53.24.72.12.9
    Emergency contraception22.217.520.837.57.411.99.79.416.618.8
    Male condom82.590.479.264.185.282.196.890.685.581.8
    Female condom1.60.00.01.63.70.00.00.01.40.3
    Standard days method/cycle bead0.02.60.00.00.00.00.03.10.01.6
    Lactational amenorrhea method0.00.00.00.03.70.00.00.00.70.0
    • Source: The Challenge Initiative Background Household Survey, 2019.

    • View popup
    TABLE 4.

    Adolescent and Youth Focused Whole-Site Orientations of PPMVs and PHCs in Four States in Nigeria

    StateLocal Government Areas CoveredFacilities CoveredPHC Staff TrainedPPMV Operators TrainedWhole-Site Orientations Conducted
    Edo630305234
    Niger628564428
    Ogun947604540
    Plateau525525292
    Total26130198193194
    • Abbreviations: PHC, primary health center; PPMV, proprietary patent medicine vendor.

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Global Health: Science and Practice: 12 (Supplement 2)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 12, No. Supplement 2
May 21, 2024
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Improving Contraceptive Service Quality and Accessibility for Adolescents and Youth Through Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors in Four Nigerian States
Dorcas Akila, Oluwasegun Akinola, Olukunle Omotoso, Saori Ohkubo, Adewale Adefila, Philemon Yohanna, Nwanne Ikodiya Kalu, Adebusola Oyeyemi, Olubunmi Ojelade, Aisha Waziri, Winifred Kwaknat, Olusola Solanke, Bernard Emonena, Oluwafemi Rotimi, Lisa Mwaikambo, Victor Igharo, Lekan Ajijola, Krishna Bose
Global Health: Science and Practice May 2024, 12 (Supplement 2) e2200225; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00225

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Improving Contraceptive Service Quality and Accessibility for Adolescents and Youth Through Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors in Four Nigerian States
Dorcas Akila, Oluwasegun Akinola, Olukunle Omotoso, Saori Ohkubo, Adewale Adefila, Philemon Yohanna, Nwanne Ikodiya Kalu, Adebusola Oyeyemi, Olubunmi Ojelade, Aisha Waziri, Winifred Kwaknat, Olusola Solanke, Bernard Emonena, Oluwafemi Rotimi, Lisa Mwaikambo, Victor Igharo, Lekan Ajijola, Krishna Bose
Global Health: Science and Practice May 2024, 12 (Supplement 2) e2200225; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00225
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  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • BACKGROUND
    • STRENGTHENING PROPRIETARY PATENT MEDICINE VENDORS TO PROVIDE CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES
    • LESSONS LEARNED
    • CHALLENGES AFFECTING IMPLEMENTATION AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
    • CONCLUSION
    • Acknowledgments
    • Funding
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