An Oxygen Supply Is Not Enough: A Qualitative Analysis of a Pressure Swing Adsorption Oxygen Plant Program in Ethiopian Hospitals

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FIGURE
Intervention Components of Pressure Swing Adsorption Oxygen Demonstration Program in Amhara, Ethiopia

TABLE 2.

Bottlenecks and Enablers to Oxygen Access

Factor	Bottleneck	Enabler
Supply	Inadequate supply of oxygen to meet patient needs.	Oxygen plants established in strategic locations increasing the accessibility of supply.
Transportation	Limited availability of vehicles for transportation; long distance to oxygen source.	Adequate number of vehicles and cylinders to transport necessary quantities of oxygen; shorter distances from hospitals to oxygen plants.
Cost	High cost of oxygen procurement for hospitals and, by extension, for patients.	Close proximity of oxygen plants to hospitals decrease transportation costs; Government guidelines provided around oxygen pricing for patients.
Equipment	Inadequate supply of equipment or consumables limiting ability to provide safe and effective oxygen therapy.	Improved access to supply chains and financing for equipment and consumables such as cylinder regulators, flowmeters, nasal cannulas, and pulse oximeters.
Clinical Skills	Clinicians have limited opportunities for training on safe and effective oxygen therapy administration.	Training is offered to refresh clinicians on safe and effective oxygen therapy administration.