Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE
Percentage of Women Who Completed Modules of the MNH eCohort in Ethiopia and Kenya
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Debriefs to Document Experiences With Maternal and Newborn Health eCohort Implementation in Four Countries
Researchers/ Implementers Data Collectors Ethiopia Ethiopian Public Health Institute 4 researchers 30 Addis Ababa University 1 researcher India Public Health Foundation of India 3 researchers 8 Kenya Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust 3 researchers 21 Laterite 2 implementers 17 South Africa University of KwaZulu Natal 3 researchers 6 Country Priority Areas of Interest Minimum Enrollment Age, Years In-Person Enumerators for Baseline and Endline Modules Phone Enumerators Incentives – Phone Follow-up Incentives – Endline Maternal Card Review Ethiopia Maternal malnutrition and mental health, and maternity waiting homes; added specific questions 15 30 hired by EPHI 50 birr airtime provided per month after completion of surveys Wrapper for baby and maternal pad Reviewed Integrated Maternal and Newborn Health card at baseline for general health history, obstetric history, content of care for ANC1 Kenya Post-discharge care patterns; adolescent reproductive health; psychosocial and emotional well-being; key indicators to improve Kenya Health Information System 15 21 and 2 supervisors employed by KEMRI-Wellcome Trust 17 employed by Laterite 50 Kenyan shillings provided after completion of each module Bar of soap Reviewed Mother-Child Health Handbook at endline for delivery care and outcomes, postnatal care quality, and immunizations India Chronic diseases in pregnancy (including mental health, hypertension, and diabetes); sites have important differences in outcomes (one poor, one better), aim to understand if care is different between sites 18 8 (with ANM/staff nurse and/or master’s degree with relevant experience) hired by PHFI 8 (with ANM/staff nurse and/or master’s degree with relevant experience) hired by PHFI 669 Indian rupees (depending on service provider) of airtime provided every 3 months Gift basket with items for basic newborn care Reviewed Mother and Child Protection card at facility at baseline and endline South Africa Adolescent pregnancies, HIV/PMTCT, reasons for booking first ANC late in pregnancy, respectful intrapartum care 15 with parental consent or 18 otherwise 10 living in Nongoma and 7 in Umhlatuze, hired by UKZN 6 hired by UKZN based in Durban, South Africa ∼30 South African Rand provided after each completion of a phone survey Additional airtime Reviewed Road to Health Card at endline to collect information about infant’s health, including PMTCT Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; ANM, auxiliary nurse-midwife; EPHI, Ethiopian Public Health Institute; KEMRI, Kenya Medical Research Institute; MNH, maternal and newborn health; PHFI, Public Health Foundation of India; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV; UKZN, University of KwaZulu Natal.
Ethiopia India Kenya South Africa Implementation sites Adama Town East Shewa Jodhpur Sonipat Kitui Kiambu Nongoma Umhlathuze eCohort enrollment dates April 2023–May 2023 October 2023–January 2024a June 2023–September 2023 April 2023–September 2023 Survey administration languages Amharic, Afan Oromo Hindi Kiswahili, Kamba, English IsiZulu, English Administrative level Zones in Oromia Region District, State of Rajasthan District, State of Haryana County in the former Eastern Province County in the former Central Province (located near the capital Nairobi) Local municipality, Zululand district, Province of KwaZulu-Natal Local municipality, King Cetshwayo District, Province of KwaZulu-Natal Total population, no. 222,035a 1,357,522a 4,720,000 1,640,000 1,136,187 2,417,735 212,000 450,000 Area, km2 29.86 8,371.0 22,850.0 2,122.0 30,496.4 2,543.5 2,182.0 1,233.0 Population density 7,435.9 162.2 206.5 772.8 37.3 950.6 97.2 365.0 Rurality/ classification Predominantly urban Predominantly rural 34.3% urban
65.7% rural
31.3% urban
68.7% rural
Rural (arid and semi-arid land) Urban Rural Urban Maternal mortality ratio, per 100,000 live births n/a n/a 170 67 67 78 n/a 191 Recruitment, women (facilities), no. Public primary 257 (3)b 360 (8)b 271 (10)c 345 (11)c 295 (6)d 302 (3)d 516 (9) 528 (13) Public secondary 48 (2) 37 (2) 231 (5)c 175 (3)c 108 (2)d 134 (2)d – – Private 187 (6)b 111 (1)b – – 101 (4)d 62 (4)d – – Abbreviation: n/a, not available.
↵a Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census, Population by Age and Sex. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Population Census Commission, December 2008, Addis Ababa.
↵b In Ethiopia, public primary sites include public health centers, and private primary sites include private health centers and private maternal and child health clinics/centers.
c In India, primary facilities include primary health centers and subcenters, and secondary facilities include district hospitals and community health centers.
↵d In Kenya, public primary sites include government dispensaries and health centers, and private primary sites include private clinics, faith-based organization (FBO) dispensaries, and FBO health centers. Private secondary includes FBO and private hospitals.
- TABLE 4.
MNH eCohort Data Collection Budget Breakdowns in Four Initial Implementing Countries
Cost Category % Ethiopia Kenya South Africa India Personnel (data collectors) 37 14 41 40 Data collection subcontract n/a 50 n/a n/a Travel for supervision 23 10 15 8 Tool translation and programming 1 n/a 1 7 Workshops and trainings 1 1 0 1 Mobile phones, airtime, and data bundles 24 14 31 24 Biomarker equipment, reagents, and supplies 6 2 3 11 Overhead 9 9 9 9 Abbreviations: MNH, maternal and newborn health; n/a, not available.
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