Figures & Tables
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Characteristics to Consider When Designing or Choosing a Resource and Strategies to Promote Uptake
Characteristics of the Resource What Strategies Could Improve Uptake and Use? Ease of use19–22
The end users of the resource perceive the resource to be easy to understand and use.
The language is appropriate for the intended audience.
The resource has an engaging structure that improves the likelihood of use.
Evaluate the resource for ease of use. Criteria include:− The language is simple and easy to read.− The format/structure is easy to follow.− The content is simple/not overly complex.− Tools are available to support use.− The resource is translated or made available in the local language or preferred language of the end user.
Pilot test language and format with local staff.
Develop additional implementation tools to support use.
Use participatory and collaborative strategies to engage users in resource design.
Value added19,20
The resource is perceived as an alternative that improves existing ways of working.
The resource complements existing interventions and programming.
Evaluate the resource for value added. Criteria include:− The resource is higher quality than alternatives.− The resource helps improve work.− The resource is compatible with work responsibilities.− The resource is not duplicative of other resources.
Pilot test the resource with local workflows.
Effectiveness21,22
The resource was developed or is supported by a trusted source.
The resource delivers on its promises (it appropriately addresses what it claims to address).
The resource presents evidence of efficacy of the content or recommendations.
The resource makes recommendations based on evidence.
Evaluate the resource for effectiveness. Criteria include:− The content is supported by evidence.− The resource was developed by a credible source.− There is evidence of resource efficacy.
Adaptable with local input19–21,23
The resource acknowledges that adaptations may be needed to enable implementation in different contexts.
The resource allows for some modification.
The resource provides guidance on how adaptations should be made.
Evaluate whether the resource allows for adaptation.
Evaluate whether the resource provides guidance on how modifications can be made.
Seek input from local users to adapt the resource.
Identify local adaptations that may be helpful.
Adapt the resource to the local context if appropriate.
- TABLE 2.
Factors to Consider When Implementing A Resource and Strategies for Resource Uptake and Use
What Factors Are Associated With Resource Uptake and Use? What Strategies Could Improve Uptake and Use? Sufficient training and capacity-building for users19,20,23,24,25–27
Training and technical assistance are provided to prepare individuals to use the resource with fidelity.
Training is appropriate for the audience, of sufficient duration, and integrated with existing training processes and systems.
Supportive supervision is provided to all members of the team during resource use.
Offer training tailored for multidisciplinary staff.
Provide ongoing training and technical assistance to support resource use.
Create systems for supportive supervision.
Leverage existing training systems, when possible, to introduce the resource and support its use.
User buy-in19,20,22,23,26
Users are aware of the resource and motivated to use it.
Users believe that the resource is important, it can improve their work, and it addresses a perceived need.
Identify and leverage champions who support the resource.
Articulate the rationale for using the resource, including why change is needed.
Provide appropriate incentives for resource use.
Consult with health care workers on resource implementation.
Effective messaging and communication22,25
There are effective systems and processes to support communication about resource implementation to users.
The necessary systems are in place to communicate with individuals involved in implementation, including program staff.
There are clear and consistent messages about the resource, its purpose, its contents, and the implementation process.
Craft clear messaging about the resource.
Consider tailoring messaging to different audiences (e.g., managers and program staff).
Leverage or strengthen communication systems.
Establish or leverage existing communication processes with health care workers.
Sufficient human resources20,23,25,26
There are enough people with the time, training, and expertise to use the resource as intended.
Ensure sufficient human resources are dedicated to resource implementation.
Plan for staff attrition during implementation.
Evaluate the acceptability of a new resource among staff.
Funding/financial support19,22–24,26,28
There are dedicated funds and financial means, from private and/or public sources, to support resource implementation, including resource procurement, training, monitoring and evaluation, and managing unexpected delays or issues.
Evaluate whether there are sufficient dedicated funds to support sustained resource implementation.
Consider multiple sources of financial support, including local and federal governments, donor, and non-health-related sectors.
Provide funding to build organizational capacity before implementation.
Fund critical elements of implementation, including training, supervision, monitoring and evaluation, data infrastructure, and responding to unexpected problems.
Sufficient equipment, supplies, and infrastructure29
There is enough appropriate and high-quality equipment, supplies, and other physical infrastructure to implement the resource as intended.
Ensure that there is sufficient funding to support necessary equipment and supplies to use the resource.
Invest in and/or leverage national infrastructure, including transportation and information technology.
Positive team culture19
There is mutual respect across implementing team members.
Team members feel part of and supported by their organization.
Prioritize understanding team culture when planning for resource implementation.
Identify opportunities to strengthen or build a positive team culture.
Include nonclinical staff when building a team culture.
Leadership support19,23
Relevant leaders of the organization, facility, and/or district are dedicated to and supportive of implementation of the resource.
Create an implementation sustainability plan with decision-makers.
Establish organizational leadership’s commitment to successful implementation of the resource.
Local and national data systems24,26
Data are available for use and of high quality.
Data are collected and reported regularly and completely.
Data relevant for successful resource implementation are easily understood by resource implementers.
Provide training and capacity-building in data collection and use to resource implementers.
Develop tools to support data use.
Develop systems for data review and quality assurance.
Leverage or strengthen national data systems.
Political commitment and policy alignment22,29
Government bodies and/or government personnel engage in intentional and sustained action to support resource implementation. This may include supporting or creating legislation, regulations, or rules that promote resource use.
There is buy-in from national, subnational, and local health authorities for resource use. This may involve expressing support for resource use or addressing barriers.
Identify champions at various levels of government to support uptake and use of the resource.
Ensure implementation of the resource aligns with laws, regulations, and policies at all levels of government.
Build relationships with political officials to promote strong government buy-in for work and legislation supporting resource use.
Ask governmental officials to communicate about the resource to help facilitate resource use.
Strategic partnerships22,26
There are relationships between 2 or more organizations or groups to share resources, information, or personnel to achieve a shared goal of supporting resource use.
Strategic partnerships involving actors from the public or private sector, community representatives, and other stakeholders support use of the resource.
Identify prospective partner organizations or groups that share a common purpose related to the goals of the resource.
Understand and leverage complementary skills, resources, and personnel across partnerships.