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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access

Effectiveness of Capacity-Building and Quality Improvement Interventions to Improve Day-of-Birth Care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Virgile Kikaya, Fernand Katembwe, Jacky Yabili, Marcel Mbwanya, Elana Dhuse, Patricia Gomez, Rachel Waxman, Diwakar Mohan and Hannah Tappis
Global Health: Science and Practice February 2024, 12(1):e2300236; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00236
Virgile Kikaya
aJhpiego, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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  • For correspondence: virgile.kikaya@jhpiego.org
Fernand Katembwe
aJhpiego, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Jacky Yabili
aJhpiego, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Marcel Mbwanya
aJhpiego, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Elana Dhuse
bJhpiego, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Patricia Gomez
bJhpiego, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Rachel Waxman
bJhpiego, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Diwakar Mohan
cDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Hannah Tappis
bJhpiego, Baltimore, MD, USA.
cDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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  • FIGURE
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    FIGURE

    Number and Percentage of Births With Women Adopting a Modern Contraceptive Method Before Discharge From Health Facility After Childbirth, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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    TABLE 1.

    Facility and Provider Characteristics of Participating Facilities, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

    Health facility characteristics (N=16)No. (%)
    Affiliation
     Public7 (44)
     Private or faith-based9 (56)
    Facility capacity
     Basic emergency obstetric and newborn care7 (44)
     Comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (referral facility)9 (56)
    Service volume
     Low (less than 50 births per month)8 (50)
     High (more than 50 birth per month)8 (50)
    Health care provider characteristics (N=188) 
    Sex
     Male54 (29)
     Female134 (71)
    Cadre
     Doctor44 (23)
     Midwife37 (20)
     Nurse107 (57)
    Years of work experience
     1–5 years39 (21)
     6–10 years40 (21)
     10+ years109 (58)
    • View popup
    TABLE 2.

    On-Site Competency-Based Training Module Content for Capacity-Building and Quality Improvement Interventions to Improve Day-of-Birth Care

    Module 1:

    Care for mothers and newborns around the day of birth

    • Support for normal labor and birth (respectful maternity care, infection prevention, use of partograph, active management of the third stage of labor, immediate newborn care, postnatal care)

    • Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage

    • Treatment of severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia with magnesium sulfate

    • Newborn resuscitation

    • Consistent recordkeeping, use of data for decision-making and quality monitoring

    Module 2:

    Immediate postpartum FP counseling and clinical skills

    • FP counseling in the antenatal and postpartum periods on all methods available for immediate postpartum use

    • Clinical skills for postpartum FP provision, including side effect management and removal (of intrauterine devices and implants)

    • Youth-friendly FP services for postpartum and postabortion clients

    Module 3:

    Postabortion care

    • Treatment of incomplete abortion using manual vacuum aspiration and misoprostol

    • Postabortion FP counseling

    • Clinical skills for postabortion FP provision, including side effect management and removal

    • Identification and/or referral for additional reproductive health services

    • Youth-friendly postabortion care services

    Module 4:

    Management of the low birthweight newborn and management of newborn sepsis

    • Recall of newborn danger signs and their management

    • Basic management of low birthweight newborns, including kangaroo mother care

    • Antibiotic regimens for women with infection and newborns with possible severe bacterial infections

    • How to establish and manage kangaroo mother care units

    Cross-cutting elements addressed in all modules and clinical practice
    • Respectful maternity care

    • Infection prevention and control

    • Clinical decision-making

    • Consistent recordkeeping, use of data for decision-making and quality monitoring using dashboards

    • Abbreviations: FP, family planning.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3.

    Providers Scoring at Least 80% on OSCE on Essential Skills for Providing Quality Care on the Day of Birth

    N=188 Providers at 16 Project Sites
    Skill

    Pre-Training,

    No. (%)

    Immediately Post-Training,

    No. (%)

    6 Months Post-Training,

    No. (%)

    12 Months Post-Training,

    No. (%)

    Module 1: Care for mothers and newborns on the day of birth
    Support for normal labor and birth2 (1.1)152 (83.1)135 (77.1)142 (84.5)
    Manual removal of placenta1 (0.5)152 (83.1)151 (86.3)155 (92.3)
    Newborn resuscitation0 (0.0)147 (80.3)99 (56.6)126 (75.0)
    Module 2: Immediate postpartum family planning counseling and clinical skills
    Postpartum intrauterine device insertion0 (0.0)133 (74.7)137 (83.5)121 (79.1)
    Contraceptive implant insertion (single rod)2 (1.1)157 (88.2)138 (84.7)138 (90.2)
    Module 3: Postabortion care
    Treatment of incomplete abortion with manual vacuum aspiration3 (1.6)150 (82.4)133 (78.7)135 (87.7)
    • Abbreviation: OSCE, objective structured clinical examination.

    • View popup
    TABLE 4.

    Improvements in Client Outcomes After Capacity-Building and Quality Improvement Interventions

    Client Outcomes, N=550
    Fresh StillbirthEarly Neonatal DeathImmediate PPFP UptakePostpartum Hemorrhage
    IRRaP Value95% CIIRRaP Value95% CIIRRaP Value95% CIIRRaP Value95% CI
    Level change due to intervention0.41.050.17, 1.010.91<.0010.87, 0.961.72<.0011.53, 1.921.01.830.96, 1.05
    Pre-intervention slope0.99.800.88, 1.101.07<.0011.06, 1.071.36<.0011.31, 1.401.00.361.00, 1.01
    Post-intervention slope1.08.190.96, 1.210.94<.0010.93, 0.940.77<.0010.74, 0.791.00.380.99, 1.00
    • Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio; PPFP, postpartum family planning.

    • a Adjusted for size and type of facility, phases of program implementation.

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Global Health: Science and Practice: 12 (1)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 12, No. 1
February 28, 2024
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Effectiveness of Capacity-Building and Quality Improvement Interventions to Improve Day-of-Birth Care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Virgile Kikaya, Fernand Katembwe, Jacky Yabili, Marcel Mbwanya, Elana Dhuse, Patricia Gomez, Rachel Waxman, Diwakar Mohan, Hannah Tappis
Global Health: Science and Practice Feb 2024, 12 (1) e2300236; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00236

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Effectiveness of Capacity-Building and Quality Improvement Interventions to Improve Day-of-Birth Care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Virgile Kikaya, Fernand Katembwe, Jacky Yabili, Marcel Mbwanya, Elana Dhuse, Patricia Gomez, Rachel Waxman, Diwakar Mohan, Hannah Tappis
Global Health: Science and Practice Feb 2024, 12 (1) e2300236; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00236
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