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FIELD ACTION REPORT
Open Access

How Real-Time Case-Based Malaria Surveillance Helps Zanzibar Get a Step Closer to Malaria Elimination: Description of Operational Platform and Resources

Humphrey R. Mkali, Shabbir M. Lalji, Abdul-wahid Al-mafazy, Joseph J. Joseph, Osia S. Mwaipape, Abdullah S. Ali, Faiza B. Abbas, Mohamed H. Ali, Wahida S. Hassan, Erik J. Reaves, Chonge Kitojo, Naomi Serbantez, Bilali I. Kabula, Ssanyu S. Nyinondi, Mike McKay, Gordon Cressman, Jeremiah M. Ngondi and Richard Reithinger
Global Health: Science and Practice October 2023, 11(5):e2200522; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00522
Humphrey R. Mkali
aRTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Shabbir M. Lalji
aRTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Abdul-wahid Al-mafazy
aRTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Joseph J. Joseph
aRTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Osia S. Mwaipape
aRTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Abdullah S. Ali
bZanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Faiza B. Abbas
bZanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Mohamed H. Ali
bZanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Wahida S. Hassan
bZanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Erik J. Reaves
cU.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Chonge Kitojo
dU.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Naomi Serbantez
dU.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Bilali I. Kabula
aRTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Ssanyu S. Nyinondi
aRTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Mike McKay
eRTI International, Research Triangle Park, USA.
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Gordon Cressman
eRTI International, Research Triangle Park, USA.
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Jeremiah M. Ngondi
fRTI International, Washington, DC, USA.
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Richard Reithinger
fRTI International, Washington, DC, USA.
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  • For correspondence: rreithinger{at}yahoo.co.uk
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Figures

  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    Information Technology Infrastructure of Zanzibar's Malaria Case Notification Platform

    Abbreviations: rACD, reactive case detection; SMS, short message service; USSD, unstructured supplementary service data.

  • FIGURE 2
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    FIGURE 2

    Schematic Framework of Index Case Notification and Household Level Follow-Up and Reactive Case Detection

    Abbreviations: DMSO, district malaria surveillance officer; rACD, reactive case detection.

  • FIGURE 3
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    FIGURE 3

    Number and Proportion of Malaria Index Cases Notified Within 24 Hours of Diagnosis, 2012–2021, Zanzibar

  • FIGURE 4
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    FIGURE 4

    Number and Proportion of Malaria Index Cases Investigated After Notification, 2012–2021, Zanzibar

  • FIGURE 5
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    FIGURE 5

    Number and Proportion of Malaria Index Case Households Investigated After Notification, 2012–2021, Zanzibar

  • FIGURE 6
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    FIGURE 6

    Number of Malaria Cases Notified, Household Members Tested, and Positivity Rate, 2012–2021, Zanzibar

    Abbreviations: HF, health facility; HH, household.

  • FIGURE 7
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    FIGURE 7

    Number and Proportion of Malaria Cases With Self-Reported Travel History in 30 Days Before Diagnosis, 2012–2021, Zanzibar

  • FIGURE 8
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    FIGURE 8

    Number and Proportion of Malaria Cases and Their Household Members With Self-Reported LLIN Use, 2012–2021, Zanzibar

    Abbreviation: LLIN, long-lasting insecticidal net.

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Global Health: Science and Practice: 11 (5)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 11, No. 5
October 30, 2023
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How Real-Time Case-Based Malaria Surveillance Helps Zanzibar Get a Step Closer to Malaria Elimination: Description of Operational Platform and Resources
Humphrey R. Mkali, Shabbir M. Lalji, Abdul-wahid Al-mafazy, Joseph J. Joseph, Osia S. Mwaipape, Abdullah S. Ali, Faiza B. Abbas, Mohamed H. Ali, Wahida S. Hassan, Erik J. Reaves, Chonge Kitojo, Naomi Serbantez, Bilali I. Kabula, Ssanyu S. Nyinondi, Mike McKay, Gordon Cressman, Jeremiah M. Ngondi, Richard Reithinger
Global Health: Science and Practice Oct 2023, 11 (5) e2200522; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00522

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How Real-Time Case-Based Malaria Surveillance Helps Zanzibar Get a Step Closer to Malaria Elimination: Description of Operational Platform and Resources
Humphrey R. Mkali, Shabbir M. Lalji, Abdul-wahid Al-mafazy, Joseph J. Joseph, Osia S. Mwaipape, Abdullah S. Ali, Faiza B. Abbas, Mohamed H. Ali, Wahida S. Hassan, Erik J. Reaves, Chonge Kitojo, Naomi Serbantez, Bilali I. Kabula, Ssanyu S. Nyinondi, Mike McKay, Gordon Cressman, Jeremiah M. Ngondi, Richard Reithinger
Global Health: Science and Practice Oct 2023, 11 (5) e2200522; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00522
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  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • BACKGROUND
    • ZANZIBAR MALARIA SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
    • HOW IT ALL COMES TOGETHER
    • AT SCALE: 10 YEARS OF IMPLEMENTATION
    • IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED
    • CONCLUSION
    • Acknowledgments
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